{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:37:59Z","timestamp":1753879079722,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,22]],"date-time":"2024-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018872","name":"Labex Immuno-Oncology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018872","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Primatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are a crucial component of anesthesia and intensive care through the relaxation of skeletal muscles. They can lead to adverse reactions such as postoperative residual neuromuscular block. Only one agent is capable of an instant block reversal in deep block situations, but is restricted to aminosteroid agents. Among animal models, non\u2010human primates are an essential model for a great diversity of human disease models. The main objective of this study was to establish a model for NMBA monitoring with current available drugs before testing new reversal agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven healthy male cynomolgus macaques were randomly assigned to this study. Experiments using macaques were approved by the local ethical committee (CEtEA #44). All animals were anesthetized according to institutional guidelines, with ketamine and medetomidine, allowing IV line placement and tracheal intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. Either rocuronium bromine (with or without sugammadex reversal) or atracurium besylate was evaluated. Monitoring was performed with two devices, TOF\u2010Watch and ToFscan, measuring the T4\/T1 and the T4\/Tref ratios, respectively. Nonparametric Mann\u2013Whitney statistical analyses were done when indicated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>NMBA monitoring required adaptation compared to humans, such as stimulus intensity and electrode placement, to be efficient and valid in cynomolgus macaques. When administered, both NMBAs induced deep and persistent neuro\u2010muscular block at equivalent doses to clinical doses in humans. The rocuronium\u2010induced profound neuromuscular block could be reversed using the cyclodextrin sugammadex as a reversal agent. We report no adverse effects in these models by clinical observation, blood chemistry, or complete blood count.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These results support the use of non\u2010human primate models for neuromuscular block monitoring. This represented the first step before the forthcoming testing of new NMBA\u2010reversal agents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12736","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T04:51:49Z","timestamp":1727067109000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Experimental Study to Optimize Neuromuscular Blockade Protocols in Cynomolgus Macaques: Monitoring, Doses, and Antagonism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9202-6368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Letscher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA\u2010HB\/IDMIT)  Fontenay\u2010aux\u2010Roses and Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6239-0110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julien","family":"Lemaitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA\u2010HB\/IDMIT)  Fontenay\u2010aux\u2010Roses and Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3373-2891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Burban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA\u2010HB\/IDMIT)  Fontenay\u2010aux\u2010Roses and Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4928-4484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger","family":"Le\u00a0Grand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA\u2010HB\/IDMIT)  Fontenay\u2010aux\u2010Roses and Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4709-8936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Bruhns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Cit\u00e9, INSERM UMR1222, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6387-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francis","family":"Relouzat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA\u2010HB\/IDMIT)  Fontenay\u2010aux\u2010Roses and Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2648-1693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Gouel\u2010Ch\u00e9ron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Cit\u00e9, INSERM UMR1222, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology  Paris France"},{"name":"Paris City University  Paris France"},{"name":"Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department DMU PARABOL, Bichat Hospital, AP\u2010HP  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200502000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e31816d1268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000002387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000004379"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001769"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2020.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2021.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117618"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","article-title":"Application of Nonhuman Primate Models in the Studies of Pediatric Anesthesia Neurotoxicity","volume":"134","author":"Wang C.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"The University of Texas at Austin \u201cNon\u2010Human Primate\u2010Specific Anesthesia \u201d2022 https:\/\/utexas.app.box.com\/s\/b3clx3wna63p9owmymtvwcad39hc8hva."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"University of Michigan \u201cGuidelines on Anesthesia and Analgesia in Non\u2010Human Primates \u201d2017 https:\/\/az.research.umich.edu\/animalcare\/guidelines\/guidelines\u2010anesthesia\u2010and\u2010analgesia\u2010non\u2010human\u2010primates."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.accpm.2022.101088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2007.01352.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/ael240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"\u201cConstant I: Curares et Intubation Chez L'Enfant \u201d2018 https:\/\/www.mapar.org\/article\/1\/Communication%20MAPAR\/k1nq6mak\/Curares%20et%20intubation%20chez%20l%E2%80%99enfant.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200604000-00016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aei306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13741-021-00215-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11154583"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1196-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000026796"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Discovery, Development, and Clinical Application of Sugammadex Sodium, a Selective Relaxant Binding Agent","volume":"2","author":"Welliver M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Design, Development and Therapy"}],"container-title":["Journal of Medical Primatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jmp.12736","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T07:55:44Z","timestamp":1728892544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jmp.12736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,22]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jmp.12736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jmp.12736","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2565","1600-0684"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0047-2565"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1600-0684"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12736"}}