{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T15:36:49Z","timestamp":1788622609477,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Primatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Toxoplasmosis, caused by <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>, is a zoonotic disease affecting public health and wildlife conservation, including nonhuman primates. This study evaluated the presence of <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> in three neotropical tamarin species (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Leontocebus fuscicollis<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Saguinus geoffroyi<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Saguinus oedipus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) at Barranquilla Zoo, Colombia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective analysis (2017\u20132022) was conducted on 17 tamarins. Clinical evaluations and blood samples were used to detect IgG antibodies via latex agglutination test. Necropsies and histopathological analyses were used to assess organ lesions associated with <jats:italic>T. gondii.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 2017, 35% (6\/17) of the participants tested seropositive, increasing to 100% (13\/13) by 2022. Antibody titer fluctuations were noted, with significant increases in female <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>S. oedipus<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>. Four deaths occurred, two linked to active or chronic infections. Stray cats and rodents in the zoo were identified as possible transmission vectors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study highlights <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic> exposure to tamarins, associated mortality, and diagnostic challenges. Recommendations include stray cat management, pest control, and the exploration of vaccines to reduce transmission risks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.70005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T08:15:26Z","timestamp":1739866526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Occurrence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> in Three Tamarin Species (<scp><i>Saguinus geoffroyi<\/i><\/scp>, <scp><i>Saguinus oedipus<\/i><\/scp>, and <scp><i>Leontocebus fuscicollis<\/i><\/scp>) Ex Situ in Colombia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9192-9989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karime","family":"Angarita\u2010Corzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CENTAURO Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina M.","family":"Henao\u2010Montoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de la Fundaci\u00f3n Bot\u00e1nica y Zool\u00f3gica de Barranquilla  Barranquilla Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Franco\u2010G","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Horizon Conservation  Barranquilla Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrique G.","family":"Riva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foz EcoPark by Dreams  Foz Do Igua\u00e7u Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalia M.","family":"Correa\u2010Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CENTAURO Research Group, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA  Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2022.106432"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010animal\u2010081720\u2010111125"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15476910903213521"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE\u20101453.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.583032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9122546"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198565857.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100\u2010736X2013000200019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2015.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2021.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Congreso de la Rep\u00fablica \u201cLey 84 de 1989. 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