{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:34:03Z","timestamp":1753878843822,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Primatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The golden\u2010mantled howler monkey (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Alouatta palliata palliata<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) is an endangered primate experiencing acute population declines for reasons not fully identified. Health and disease monitoring are critical factors for understanding animal and ecosystem health, yet limited research has been achieved in this species due to difficulties in successful immobilization and sample collection. The purpose of this research is to investigate the efficacy of combined ketamine and dexmedetomidine in providing safe field anesthesia for golden\u2010mantled howler monkeys (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>A. palliata palliata<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>) to perform physical examinations and biological data collection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen free\u2010ranging golden\u2010mantled howler monkeys from the Marino las Baulas National Park in Costa Rica received a remote intramuscular injection of a ketamine\u2010dexmedetomidine combination. Anesthetic timing intervals, cardiorespiratory parameters, and venous blood gases were evaluated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Successful anesthesia was induced with mean doses of ketamine 8.65\u2009mg\/kg (\u00b10.9) and dexmedetomidine 0.043\u2009mg\/kg (\u00b10). Recoveries after reversal administration were rapid and smooth, with all animals successfully reintroduced to their colonies within 49\u2009min (mean 38\u2009min) of reversal administration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ketamine\u2010dexmedetomidine combination is effective at inducing the appropriate anesthetic plane required for field work in this species and should be considered for in\u00a0situ capture of free\u2010ranging mantled howler monkeys.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.70007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T06:01:22Z","timestamp":1740549682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of A Combination of Ketamine and Dexmedetomidine as A Field Anesethetic Protocol for Immobilization of Golden\u2010Mantled Howler Monkeys (<i>Alouatta palliata palliata<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0803-7504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon B.","family":"Nodolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fort Wayne Children's Zoo  Fort Wayne Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fort Wayne Children's Zoo  Fort Wayne Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kurt A.","family":"Volle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Buffalo Zoo  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8689-3983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sof\u00eda","family":"Bernal\u2010Valle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria Universidad Nacional  Heredia Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maraiah","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fort Wayne Children's Zoo  Fort Wayne Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"A. D.Cuaron A.Shedden E.Rodrigues\u2010Luna et\u00a0al. \u201cIUCN Red List of Threatened Species:Alouatta palliata ssp. palliata. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species \u201d2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12669"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12533"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"L.Cortes\u2010Ort\u00edz M.Rosales\u2010Meda K.Williams\u2010Guill\u00e9n et\u00a0al. \u201cAlouatta palliata (amended version of 2020 assessment). 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