{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T12:34:04Z","timestamp":1753878844118,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,16]],"date-time":"2025-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742083200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31960121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31960121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005273","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202001BC070001","202102AA100053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202001BC070001","202102AA100053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Primatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Balantidium coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>B.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic>) is a prevalent intestinal parasite in monkeys, significantly impacting their health. Previous studies have demonstrated that <jats:italic>B.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> infection in pigs leads to severe dysregulation of the gut microbiota. However, there has been no report on the alterations in fecal microbiota and metabolites in rhesus monkeys infected with <jats:italic>B.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic>. In order to investigate the differences in gut microbiota and metabolites between healthy rhesus monkeys and those infected with <jats:italic>B.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic>, we conducted gene sequencing and gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) analysis of fecal samples from 6 healthy rhesus monkeys and 5 rhesus monkeys infected with <jats:italic>B.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic>. The results revealed significant differences in the composition of gut microbiota between rhesus monkeys infected with <jats:italic>B.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> and healthy ones (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The abundance of <jats:italic>Campylobacterota<\/jats:italic> was significantly increased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), while the abundance of <jats:italic>Bacteroidota<\/jats:italic> was significantly decreased (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). <jats:italic>Prevotella<\/jats:italic> 9 was the dominant genus in both groups, showing a significant increase in the infected group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). At the species level, <jats:italic>Brachyspira hampsonii<\/jats:italic> was significantly increased in the infected group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Prevotella copri<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, which was the dominant species in both groups, showed a significant decrease in the infected group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Metabolomics studies indicated a significant decrease in levels of metabolites such as dihydrolipoamide, 9(Z),11(E)\u2010Conjugated Linoleic Acid, and 8,9\u2010DiHETrE within fecal samples from rhesus monkeys infected with <jats:italic>B.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Correlation analysis of the microbiome and metabolome suggested a close relationship between differential microbiota and metabolites. In conclusion, this study suggests that the colonization of <jats:italic>B.\u2009coli<\/jats:italic> is associated with dysbiosis of the monkey gut microbiota. This study provides a new insight that using intestinal microbes instead of antibiotics to treat balantidiosis can also serve as a reference for further research on the relationship between gut microbiota and metabolomics in host infections by other protozoa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.70013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]],"date-time":"2025-03-17T06:21:06Z","timestamp":1742192466000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microbiome\u2010Metabolomics Analysis of the Impacts of <i>Balantidium Coli<\/i> Infection in Rhesus Monkeys (<i>Macaca mulatta<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8264-8529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heling","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine Kunming University of Science and Technology  Kunming China"},{"name":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kunming Biomed International Ltd.  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