{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:49:48Z","timestamp":1792068588280,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H01409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H01409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25A101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25A101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Medical Primatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rectal prolapse in wild chimpanzees has been rarely reported. We document a case of rectal prolapse in a wild young male chimpanzee at Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An affected young male in the Mahale M group was observed with photographs\/video and diagnosed according to operational criteria used in human (Oxford grading system). Cause and course of the prolapse were estimated by a set of longitudinal field data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An intermittently self\u2010reducing full\u2010thickness rectal prolapse was diagnosed. Protrusion fluctuated within minutes; tenesmus and diarrhea were absent; and the mucosa remained bright red and viable, without necrosis or myiasis. Post\u2010traumatic pelvic\u2010floor\/anal\u2010sphincter nerve dysfunction after conspecific bite injury on the buttock was estimated as the cause.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first report of rectal prolapse in wild chimpanzees. The detailed natural course of this persistent condition without medical intervention provides information relevant to case\u2010specific management decisions in wild apes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.70109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T07:31:03Z","timestamp":1788420663000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The First Evidence of Intermittent Rectal Prolapse in a Wild Chimpanzee (\n                    <i>Pan troglodytes<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2987-6992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Shimada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Teikyo University of Science  Yamanashi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Anatomy and Regenerative Biology National Defense Medical College  Saitama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","volume-title":"Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Animals: Textbook and Colour Atlas","author":"K\u00f6nig H. 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