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Splenic white pulp morphometry, CD3+ T lymphocyte, Iba1+ macrophage\/microglia, polymorphonuclear neutrophil quantification, and IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u201010 semi\u2010quantification were performed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both genera exhibited splenic white pulp hyperplasia. Within genera, marmosets showed predominant CD3+ infiltrates in the spleen and histiocytic infiltrates in the liver and CNS, whereas howler monkeys exhibited predominantly histiocytic infiltrates in all tissues. Between genera, marmosets had significantly higher splenic CD3+ T\u2010cell (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), Iba1+ macrophage (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.030), and IFN\u2010\u03b3 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018) immunolabeling than howler monkeys.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.70112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T04:47:17Z","timestamp":1788583637000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Immunopathology of\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    Natural Infections in Marmosets (\n                    <i>Callithrix<\/i>\n                    spp.) and Howler Monkeys (\n                    <i>Alouatta<\/i>\n                    spp.), Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4595-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Pellegrino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7395-0267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra L. M.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3719-5505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cinthya","family":"dos Santos Cirqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Center Adolfo Lutz Institute  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabrielle F. P.","family":"da Silva Gagliotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Center Adolfo Lutz Institute  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4980-0642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Ewbank","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Animal Health Research Center (INIA\u2010CISA\/CSIC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6111-6301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Sacrist\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Epidemiology and Environmental Health Animal Health Research Center (INIA\u2010CISA\/CSIC)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Albergaria","family":"Ressio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Center Adolfo Lutz Institute  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4754-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia C. 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