{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T04:11:32Z","timestamp":1776312692761,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,11]],"date-time":"2016-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Midwife Womens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A wealth of information is available regarding the diagnosis and treatment of urinary incontinence. However, there is a dearth of quality information and clinical practice guidelines regarding the primary prevention of urinary incontinence. Given the high prevalence of this concern and the often cited correlation between pregnancy, childbirth, and urinary incontinence, women's health care providers should be aware of risk factors and primary prevention strategies for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in order to reduce associated physical and emotional suffering. This case report describes several common risk factors for SUI and missed opportunities for primary prevention of postpartum urinary incontinence. The most effective methods for preventing urinary incontinence include correct teaching of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT; specifically Kegel exercises), moderate combined physical exercise regimens, counseling and support for weight loss, counseling against smoking, appropriate treatment for asthma and constipation, and appropriate labor management to prevent pelvic organ prolapse, urethral injury, and pelvic floor muscle damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,14]],"date-time":"2016-03-14T04:53:38Z","timestamp":1457931218000},"page":"507-511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Primary Prevention of Urinary Incontinence: A Case Study of Prenatal and Intrapartum Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Katherine","family":"Kissler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Yount","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Rendeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Zeidenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20798"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-148-6-200803180-00211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M13-2410"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2007.00175.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000226860.01127.0e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00840.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318191bb37"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2006.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22498"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-013-2233-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12473"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","article-title":"Persistent urinary incontinence and delivery mode history: a six\u2010year longitudinal study","volume":"113","author":"MacArthur C","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.02106.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-200406000-00013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(03)00755-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","article-title":"Effect of gonadal steroid receptors alterations on the pathophysiology of pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence","author":"Grigoriadis C","year":"2015","journal-title":"Minerva Ginecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-010-1327-6"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"91","article-title":"Is estrogen for urinary incontinence good or bad?","volume":"8","author":"Kim DK","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","first-page":"CD001405","article-title":"Oestrogen therapy for urinary incontinence in post\u2010menopausal women","volume":"10","author":"Cody JD","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.02107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-2017-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1062870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1884-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.11.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-006-0286-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2012-091758"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","article-title":"Pelvic floor muscle training for prevention and treatment of urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women","volume":"1","author":"Hay\u2010Smith J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20080387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070257"}],"container-title":["Journal of Midwifery &amp; 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