{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,24]],"date-time":"2025-08-24T01:51:31Z","timestamp":1756000291400},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]],"date-time":"2017-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Midwife Womens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>A growing number of women are seeking alternatives to traditional pharmacologic pain management during birth. While there has been an extensive array of nonpharmacologic options developed for labor, there are limited offerings in the postpartum period. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement a hydrotherapy protocol in the early postpartum period to improve pain management for women choosing a nonmedicated birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Process<\/jats:title><jats:p>The postpartum hydrotherapy protocol was initiated in a certified nurse\u2010midwife (CNM) practice in an urban academic medical center. All women who met criteria were offered a 30\u2010minute warm water immersion bath at one hour postpartum. Pain scores were assessed prior to the bath, at 15 minutes after onset, and again at the conclusion (30 minutes). Women who completed the bath were also asked to complete a brief survey on their experience with postpartum hydrotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title><jats:p>In women who used the bath (N = 45), there was a significant reduction in pain scores (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) between the onset of the bath and scores at both 15 minutes and 30 minutes. There was no significant difference between pain scores at 15 minutes and 30 minutes (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .97). Of those women who completed a survey (n = 43), 97.7% reported both that the bath reduced their pain and improved their birth experience. One hundred percent reported they would use it again in another birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This project demonstrated successful implementation of a hydrotherapy protocol as an alternative or adjunct to medication for early postpartum pain management that significantly reduced pain and improved the birth experience for those who used it. It offers a nonpharmacologic alternative where there have traditionally been limited options.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,5]],"date-time":"2017-04-05T17:24:32Z","timestamp":1491413072000},"page":"210-214","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Implementation of a Hydrotherapy Protocol to Improve Postpartum Pain Management"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Meghann","family":"Batten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deb","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Isaacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","article-title":"Epidural and spinal anesthesia use during labor: 27\u2010state reporting area, 2008","volume":"59","author":"Osterman MJK","year":"2011","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.05.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2011.00487.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2013.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NNA.0b013e3181a23d6d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00912700122012797"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMC.0b013e3182182579"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.132935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800410361535"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.09.561"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215508097856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep182"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000111.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009234.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(02)70188-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547-5069.2002.00347.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2007.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12194"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2011.11.001"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","article-title":"Births: Final data for 2012","volume":"62","author":"Martin JA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"1073","article-title":"Studies comparing numerical rating scales, verbal rating scales, and visual analogue scales for assessment of pain intensity in adults: a systematic literature review","volume":"41","author":"Hjermstad MJ","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pain Manage"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"American College of Nurse\u2010Midwives.Our Philosophy of Care.http:\/\/www.midwife.org\/Our-Philosophy-of-Care. 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