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Antiviral medications should be initiated as soon as possible, preferably within 24 hours of initiation of symptoms. The primary preventive measure against influenza is vaccination, which is recommended for all people 6 months of age or older, including pregnant and postpartum women, unless the individual has a contraindication. Vaccination should occur at the beginning of flu season, which typically begins in October. It takes approximately 14 days after vaccination for a healthy adult to reach peak antibody protection. There are challenges associated with vaccine composition and vaccine uptake. It takes approximately 6 to 8 months to identify and predict which influenza strains to include in the upcoming season's vaccine. During this time, the influenza virus may undergo <jats:italic>antigenic drift<\/jats:italic>, that is, mutating to avoid a host immune response. Antigenic drift makes the vaccine less effective in some seasons. The influenza virus occasionally undergoes <jats:italic>antigenic shift<\/jats:italic>, in which it changes to a novel virus, creating potential for a pandemic. There are also barriers to vaccine uptake, including lack of or limited access to care and misconceptions about receiving the vaccine. Interventions that improve access to and uptake of the influenza vaccine must be initiated, targeting multiple levels, including health care policy, patients, health care systems, and the health care team. This article reviews information about influenza identification, management, and prevention.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T04:31:37Z","timestamp":1612240297000},"page":"45-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":188,"title":["Influenza and Influenza Vaccine: A Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1201-3311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia","family":"Nypaver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nurse\u2010Midwifery and Women's Health Nurse Practitioner Programs University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Dehlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Family Nurse Practitioner Program University of Cincinnati  Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Influenza (flu).Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. 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