{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:49:16Z","timestamp":1791312556108,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":30,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Midwife Womens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myofascial pelvic pain is a common, nonarticular musculoskeletal disorder characterized by the presence of myofascial trigger points in the lower abdominal wall and\/or pelvic floor muscles. Myofascial pelvic pain is involved in an estimated 22% to 94% of cases of chronic pelvic pain, which is one of the most common gynecologic conditions in the United States. Myofascial pelvic pain may exist independently or in conjunction with disorders such as vaginismus, dysmenorrhea, and endometriosis and is frequently a causative factor in sexual pain or dyspareunia. This article reviews the pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment options for myofascial pelvic pain, with a particular focus on trigger point injections. Increased recognition and treatment of this commonly overlooked diagnosis has the potential to improve care and outcomes for many patients suffering from chronic pelvic pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]],"date-time":"2021-03-31T12:09:58Z","timestamp":1617192598000},"page":"148-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Myofascial Pelvic Pain: An Overlooked and Treatable Cause of Chronic Pelvic Pain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3611-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baystate Midwifery and Women's Health, Baystate Medical Center  Springfield Massachusetts"},{"name":"Pioneer Women's Health, Baystate Franklin Medical Center  Greenfield Massachusetts"},{"name":"Brigham and Women's Midwifery Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital  Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carly","family":"Detterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baystate Midwifery Education Program, Baystate Medical Center  Springfield Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anastasia","family":"Hallisey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baystate Midwifery Education Program, Baystate Medical Center  Springfield Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573397111666150619094524"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12131"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000307"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003716"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","volume-title":"Travell & Simons\u2019 Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual","author":"Simons DG","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Hammi C","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000663"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-013-0360-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23896"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2014.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15204"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","volume-title":"Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of myofascial pelvic pain syndrome in women","author":"Elkadry E"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.11.1106"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Evaluation and management of abdominal myofascial pain syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Wang J","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Female Patient"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2015.12.017"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","first-page":"449","article-title":"Pain and ethnicity","volume":"15","author":"Wyatt R","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virtual Mentor"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","first-page":"541","article-title":"Are pain beliefs, cognitions, and behaviors influenced by race, ethnicity, and culture in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Orhan C","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GCO.0000000000000633"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15692"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002990"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.01.238"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2014.4892"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5223"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.05.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12784"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","unstructured":"International Pelvic Pain Society.Pelvic Pain Assessment Form.Burnsville MN:International Pelvic Pain Society;2019."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","unstructured":"Charlie GoldbergMD.Practical Guide to Clinical Medicine. Published online March 2020. Accessed March 5 2021.https:\/\/meded.ucsd.edu\/clinicalmed\/history.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0000000000000029"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.SAMHSA's Concept of Trauma and Guidance for a Trauma\u2010Informed Approach.Rockville MD:Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; July 2014. Accessed December 11 2020.https:\/\/ncsacw.samhsa.gov\/userfiles\/files\/SAMHSA_Trauma.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogc.2018.08.015"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","first-page":"429","article-title":"Abdominal wall pain: clinical evaluation, differential diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"98","author":"Shian B","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2013.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sm2.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00737-015-0537-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2049463715584408"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12102"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","volume-title":"Heal Pelvic Pain","author":"Stein A","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.29.2112"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-015-9273-1"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","first-page":"504","article-title":"Prevalence of myofascial chronic pelvic pain and the effectiveness of pelvic floor physical therapy","volume":"58","author":"Bedaiwy MA","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Reprod Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000626"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000003324"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnw306"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","first-page":"CD007864","article-title":"Acupuncture for pain in endometriosis","author":"Zhu X","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2008.00526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-015-0155-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.1938112.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.12222"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113368"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.01.086"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S113416"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.1464"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","unstructured":"MenschnerC MaulA.Key Ingredients for Successful Trauma\u2010Informed Care Implementation. Hamilton NJ: Center for Health Care Strategies;2016. Accessed November 12 2020.https:\/\/www.traumainformedcare.chcs.org\/resource\/key\u2010ingredients\u2010for\u2010successful\u2010trauma\u2010informed\u2010care\u2010implementation\/"}],"container-title":["Journal of Midwifery &amp; Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jmwh.13224","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jmwh.13224","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jmwh.13224","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T02:02:38Z","timestamp":1693620158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jmwh.13224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jmwh.13224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jmwh.13224","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9523","1542-2011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9523","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-2011","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-31","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}