{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T22:15:58Z","timestamp":1792102558420,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Midwife Womens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Highly sensitive, external uterine electromyography (EMG) measures myometrial electrical activity and is noninvasive compared with the clinical intrauterine pressure catheter. Most experimental studies have measured EMG in 30\u2010minute epochs, limiting the utility of this instrumentation in intrapartum clinical practice. To test proof of concept, surface uterine EMG contraction activity was continuously collected throughout the first stage of labor from healthy women at term gestation with (n = 3) and without (n = 1) epidural or combined spinal\u2010epidural analgesia for a maximal length of 11 hours and 24 minutes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>EMG activity was recorded concurrently with tocodynamometer (toco) signals, using a pair of electrodes on the left and right sides of the maternal umbilicus with grounds attached to both hips of the reclining woman in labor. The preamplifier cutoff frequency settings were appropriate to monitor smooth muscle contraction in labor, with the analog high\u2010pass filter set at 0.05 Hz and the low\u2010pass filter at 1.50 Hz. Signals were sampled at 100 Hz, transmitted to a computer, and visualized by Chart 4.2 software. EMG data from epochs at baseline, during the pre\u2010epidural fluid bolus and at the 60\u2010minute post\u2010epidural test dose, and at 3, 5, 6, and 8 cm dilatation were analyzed for burst power spectrum peak frequency (Hz), burst power spectrum amplitude (mV<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), and burst duration (seconds).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Uterine EMG contractile bursts were preceded and followed by a stable baseline and coincided with toco contractions. Movement artifacts were negligible, and large movement artifacts were easily distinguishable. The EMG bursts and toco contractions remained clearly identifiable, even when one woman without epidural analgesia stood beside the bed laboring for approximately 10 minutes. Burst spectral components fell within the expected 0.34\u2010to\u20101.00 Hz range for term labor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010quality data demonstrate that EMG instrumentation effectively and accurately measures uterine contraction parameters across the first stage of term labor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T10:34:51Z","timestamp":1682678091000},"page":"575-580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Use of External Uterine Electromyography Across Stage I Labor"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8493-1771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Benfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing University of Nevada, Las Vegas  Las Vegas Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward R.","family":"Newton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University  Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jpme.1998.26.6.413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"213","article-title":"Regulation of activity in uterine smooth muscle","volume":"5","author":"Marshall JM","year":"1962","journal-title":"Physiol Rev Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719116658704"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032\u2010020\u201000358\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029\u20107844(03)00341\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14767050410001695301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/242493"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12818"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.05.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2007.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719115578926"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2021.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2008.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4230157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2021.104308"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","unstructured":"The QUINTON Quik\u2010Prep automated patient prep system. 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Accessed February 20 2022.https:\/\/www.gehealthcare.com\/products\/maternal\u2010infant\u2010care\/fetal\u2010monitors\/novii\u2010wireless\u2010patch\u2010system"}],"container-title":["Journal of Midwifery &amp; Women's Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jmwh.13501","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T07:02:08Z","timestamp":1707289328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jmwh.13501"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jmwh.13501"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jmwh.13501","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1526-9523","1542-2011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1526-9523","type":"print"},{"value":"1542-2011","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-31","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}