{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:12:44Z","timestamp":1787015564541,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Midwife Womens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Kratom (\n                    <jats:italic>Mitragyna speciosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a plant\u2010based substance with psychoactive properties similar to opioids but is not currently classified as an opioid. One of its more prevalent uses is to treat opioid dependency and withdrawal symptoms. Opioid use disorder is a leading cause of pregnancy\u2010associated maternal mortality, and pregnant women may be using kratom as a substitute or alternative to opioids. Prevalence of kratom use is increasing rapidly, but scientific evidence specific to therapeutic and adverse effects is lacking overall, and the implications of its use in pregnancy and on the fetus\u2010newborn are limited to a few case reports. Kratom is a legal substance by federal law, although some states have banned its use. The lack of regulation is concerning. Significant illness and associated deaths have been reported with kratom use. Lack of disclosure by people using kratom and limited laboratory testing options are major challenges for health care providers and public health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T23:58:44Z","timestamp":1694131124000},"page":"144-149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Kratom (\n                    <i>Mitragyna speciosa<\/i>\n                    ): A Case Review of Use Before and During Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8353-3077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary Ann","family":"Faucher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women &amp; Infants Specialty Health Parkland Health  Dallas Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Morillos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women &amp; Infants Specialty Health Parkland Health  Dallas Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polly","family":"Cordova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women &amp; Infants Specialty Health Parkland Health  Dallas Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"McNeil\u2010Santiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women &amp; Infants Specialty Health Parkland Health  Dallas Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Onisko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily H.","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas"},{"name":"Division of Maternal\u2010Fetal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  Dallas Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.12019.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490701525368"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000663364.06637.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2021.1853706"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.765917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181\u2010010\u20100079\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/bky032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2021.1995623"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010018\u20104974\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181\u2010016\u20100588\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"FDA and Kratom. US Food and Drug Administration website. Published April 27 2022. Accessed September 19 2022.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news\u2010events\/public\u2010health\u2010focus\/fda\u2010and\u2010kratom"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"FDA announces seizure of adulterated dietary supplements containing kratom. US Food and Drug Administration website. Published May 1 2021. Accessed May 17 2023.https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news\u2010events\/press\u2010announcements\/fda\u2010announces\u2010seizure\u2010adulterated\u2010dietary\u2010supplements\u2010containing\u2010kratom"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2019.1569236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/cpcem.2018.11.40588"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association.Kratom: Summary of State Laws.Legislative Analysis and Public Policy Association;2022. 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