{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:31:11Z","timestamp":1790839871414,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Midwife Womens Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a problem with an increasing incidence and negative maternal, fetal, and neonatal consequences. This problem is becoming increasingly important. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis aimed to determine the incidence of ICP and its adverse maternal, fetal, and neonatal adverse outcomes based on primary research studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses reporting guidelines and was conducted between June and September 2023 using the following keywords: <jats:italic>obstetric cholestasis<\/jats:italic> OR <jats:italic>intrahepatic cholestasis<\/jats:italic> AND <jats:italic>pregnancy<\/jats:italic> OR <jats:italic>pregnant<\/jats:italic> OR <jats:italic>prenatal<\/jats:italic> OR <jats:italic>antenatal<\/jats:italic> OR <jats:italic>perinatal<\/jats:italic> OR <jats:italic>maternal<\/jats:italic> OR <jats:italic>fetal<\/jats:italic> OR <jats:italic>neonatal<\/jats:italic>. Quality assessment of the studies was performed using the Critical Appraisal Checklists developed by the JBI Institute. Data were synthesized using meta\u2010analysis methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analysis included 10 studies published between 2013 and 2023. The meta\u2010analysis showed that the incidence of ICP was 1.7% (odds ratio [OR], 0.021; 95% CI, 0.012\u20100.027), whereas maternal, fetal, and neonatal adverse outcomes included cesarean birth (OR, 2.938; 95% CI, 1.467\u20105.881), preterm birth or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (OR, 4.241; 95% CI, 1.996\u20109.009), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR, 3.715; 95% CI, 1.545\u20108.929), maternal infection (OR, 3.301; 95% CI, 2.917\u20103.737), neonatal intensive care unit admission (OR, 2.715; 95% CI, 1.458\u20105.056), birth weight less than or equal to 2500 g (OR, 2.518; 95% CI, 1.296\u20104.892), and small for gestational age (OR, 1.915; 95% CI, 1.424\u20102.573).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis revealed that ICP has a high incidence and several maternal, fetal, and neonatal adverse outcomes. Therefore, midwives and other health professionals must be aware of these outcomes and provide appropriate care to pregnant individuals with ICP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jmwh.13640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T04:19:48Z","timestamp":1715833188000},"page":"370-382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["The Incidence of Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy and its Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Adverse Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4470-0231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Resmiye Kaya","family":"Odaba\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwifery Department, Faculty of Health Sciences Kocaeli University  Kocaeli 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