{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T18:25:17Z","timestamp":1790533517342,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,3]],"date-time":"2013-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359849600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mid-career Researcher Program","award":["2011-0014258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011-0014258"]}]},{"name":"Framework of International Cooperation Program","award":["2012K2A1A2032549"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2012K2A1A2032549"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Korea government"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder characterized by three main behavioral symptoms including social deficits, impaired communication, and stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. ASD prevalence shows gender bias to male. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), a drug used in epilepsy and bipolar disorder, induces autistic symptoms in both human and rodents. As we reported previously, prenatally VPA\u2010exposed animals at E12 showed impairment in social behavior without any overt reproductive toxicity. Social interactions were not significantly different between male and female rats in control condition. However, VPA\u2010exposed male offspring showed significantly impaired social interaction while female offspring showed only marginal deficits in social interaction. Similar male inclination was observed in hyperactivity behavior induced by VPA. In addition to the ASD\u2010like behavioral phenotype, prenatally VPA\u2010exposed rat offspring shows crooked tail phenotype, which was not different between male and female groups. Both male and female rat showed reduced GABAergic neuronal marker GAD and increased glutamatergic neuronal marker\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    luT1 expression. Interestingly, despite of the similar increased expression of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    luT1, post\u2010synaptic marker proteins such as PSD\u201095 and \u03b1\u2010CAMKII expression was significantly elevated only in male offspring. Electron microscopy showed increased number of post\u2010synapse in male but not in female at 4\u00a0weeks of age. These results might suggest that the altered glutamatergic neuronal differentiation leads to deranged post\u2010synaptic maturation only in male offspring prenatally exposed to VPA. Consistent with the increased post\u2010synaptic compartment, VPA\u2010exposed male rats showed higher sensitivity to electric shock than VPA\u2010exposed female rats. These results suggest that prenatally VPA\u2010exposed rats show the male preponderance of ASD\u2010like behaviors including defective social interaction similar to human autistic patients, which might be caused by ectopic increase in glutamatergic synapses in male rats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,12]],"date-time":"2013-01-12T21:09:13Z","timestamp":1358024953000},"page":"832-843","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":194,"title":["Male\u2010specific alteration in excitatory post\u2010synaptic development and social interaction in pre\u2010natal valproic acid exposure model of autism spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Ki Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmacy Seoul National University Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Center for Neuroscience Research SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical 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