{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:53:44Z","timestamp":1791161624516,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We recently found severe noradrenaline deficits throughout the thalamus of patients with Parkinson's disease [C. Pifl, S. J. Kish and O. Hornykiewicz Mov Disord. 27, 2012, 1618.]. As this noradrenaline loss was especially severe in nuclei of the motor thalamus normally transmitting basal ganglia motor output to the cortex, we hypothesized that this noradrenaline loss aggravates the motor disorder of Parkinson's disease. Here, we analysed noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin in motor (ventrolateral and ventroanterior) and non\u2010motor (mediodorsal, centromedian, ventroposterior lateral and reticular) thalamic nuclei in MPTP\u2010treated monkeys who were always asymptomatic; who recovered from mild parkinsonism; and monkeys with stable, either moderate or severe parkinsonism. We found that only the symptomatic parkinsonian animals had significant noradrenaline losses specifically in the motor thalamus, with the ventroanterior motor nucleus being affected only in the severe parkinsonian animals. In contrast, the striatal dopamine loss was identical in both the mild and severe symptom groups. MPTP\u2010treatment had no significant effect on noradrenaline in non\u2010motor thalamic nuclei or dopamine and serotonin in any thalamic subregion. We conclude that in the MPTP primate model, loss of noradrenaline in the motor thalamus may also contribute to the clinical expression of the parkinsonian motor disorder, corroborating experimentally our hypothesis on the role of thalamic noradrenaline deficit in Parkinson's disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,20]],"date-time":"2013-01-20T09:14:39Z","timestamp":1358673279000},"page":"657-662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Reduced noradrenaline, but not dopamine and serotonin in motor thalamus of the MPTP primate: relation to severity of Parkinsonism"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Pifl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleh","family":"Hornykiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Brain Research Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Blesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Group Neurosciences Division CIMA, and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Instituto Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebeca","family":"Ad\u00e1nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Group Neurosciences Division CIMA, and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Instituto Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Cavada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda, Histolog\u00eda y Neurociencia Facultad de Medicina Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria IdiPAZ Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Obeso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Group Neurosciences Division CIMA, and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Instituto Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(03)00143-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s002109900060","article-title":"Potencies of haloperidol metabolites as inhibitors of the human noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin transporters in transfected COS\u20107 cells","volume":"360","author":"Bryan\u2010Lluka L. 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