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They are also involved in a variety of complex functions such as learning and memory consolidation and have been implicated in aging processes. Beyond the actual genetic information encoded in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> sequence, epigenetic modifications in particular <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> methylation and various histone modifications shape the chromatin into a transcriptional permissive or repressive state. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> methylation patterns are altered by environmental conditions and can be carried forward through mitosis and meiosis. Hence, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> methylation probably mediates complex environment\u2013gene interactions, determines individual disease characteristics, and contributes to effects and side effects of drugs. In addition to classic monogenic epigenetic diseases, i.e., Prader\u2010Willi and Rett syndrome, recent data point to an epigenetic component also in apparent sporadic neuro\u2010psychiatric disorders and increasing evidence suggests a role for altered <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> methylation in Parkinson's disease. Epigenetic alterations, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DNA<\/jats:styled-content> methylation in particular, may account for the yet unexplained individual susceptibility and the variability in the course of Parkinson's disease and could provide hints toward the development of novel therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc13646-fig-0004-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text>\nParkinson's disease (PD) is conceptualized as a consequence of genetic variants and environment\u2013gene interactions on a background of age\u2010related changes. Epigenetic modifications have been implicated in aging and can be altered by environment stimuli. The review explores the possibility of an epigenetic component in PD, focusing on DNA methylation. Methylation of \u03b1\u2010synuclein (<jats:italic>SNCA<\/jats:italic>) and microtubule\u2010associated protein tau gene appear to be of particular importance and epigenome\u2010wide methylation studies point to several additional candidate genes which may contribute to the individual susceptibility toward PD.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>This article is part of a <\/jats:bold><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/journal\/10.1111\/(ISSN)1471-4159\/homepage\/special_issues.htm\">special issue on Parkinson disease<\/jats:ext-link><jats:bold>.<\/jats:bold><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,27]],"date-time":"2016-04-27T23:42:16Z","timestamp":1461800536000},"page":"108-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["<scp>DNA<\/scp> methylation in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Ullrich","family":"W\u00fcllner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Department of Neurology University of Bonn Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Kaut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Department of Neurology University of Bonn Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"deBoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Department of Neurology University of Bonn Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominik","family":"Piston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Department of Neurology University of Bonn Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ina","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) and Department of Neurology University of Bonn Bonn Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"X chromosome: X inactivation","volume":"1","author":"Ahn J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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