{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:31:26Z","timestamp":1790303486768,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]],"date-time":"2016-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465948800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"JPND networks SOPHIA","award":["01ED1202A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ED1202A"]}]},{"name":"PreFrontAls","award":["01ED1512"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ED1512"]}]},{"name":"BiomarkAPD","award":["01ED1203F"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ED1203F"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["FTLDc O1GI1007A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FTLDc O1GI1007A"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["MND-Net 01GM1103A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MND-Net 01GM1103A"]}]},{"name":"EU","award":["NADINE 246513"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NADINE 246513"]}]},{"name":"EU","award":["FAIR-PARK II 633190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAIR-PARK II 633190"]}]},{"name":"the foundation of the state Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg","award":["D.3830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D.3830"]}]},{"name":"BIU","award":["D.5009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D.5009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTLD<\/jats:styled-content>) is a spectrum of rare neurodegenerative diseases with overlapping symptoms and neuropathology. It includes the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia (bv<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTD<\/jats:styled-content>), the semantic and non\u2010fluent variant of primary progressive aphasia (sv<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPA<\/jats:styled-content> and nfv<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPA<\/jats:styled-content>), <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTD<\/jats:styled-content> with motor neuron disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MND<\/jats:styled-content>), progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal syndrome. The diagnosis of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTLD<\/jats:styled-content> spectrum of diseases is based on clinical symptoms which hampers the differentiation of the diseases among each other and with other disorders that show a similar clinical appearance resulting in a high rate of misdiagnoses. This highlights the need for objective and selective measures in the diagnostic criteria and there is extensive research on neurochemical biomarkers in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTLD<\/jats:styled-content> as one option to address this unmet clinical need. Here, we review the advances in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content> biomarker research in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTLD<\/jats:styled-content> in the last 2\u00a0years with regard to the validation of previously suggested and identification of new biomarker candidates for the differential diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FTLD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc13669-fig-0001-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text>\nNew biomarkers for frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are urgently needed to support differential diagnosis within the disease spectrum and with related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD). Here, we review the advances in cerebrospinal fluid biomarker research in FTLD and provide a list of promising candidate markers.\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>This article is part of the<\/jats:bold>\u00a0<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/journal\/10.1111\/(ISSN)1471-4159\/homepage\/special_issues.htm\">Frontotemporal Dementia special issue<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,17]],"date-time":"2016-05-17T13:49:01Z","timestamp":1463492941000},"page":"184-192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Neurochemical biomarkers in the diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration: an update"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"138","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Oeckl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Ulm University Hospital Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Steinacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Ulm University Hospital Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Feneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Ulm University Hospital Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Otto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Ulm University Hospital Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160817565"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2006.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140240"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-110983","article-title":"Interrelations\u00a0between CSF soluble A\u03b2PP\u03b2, amyloid\u2010\u03b2 1\u201042, SORL1, and tau levels in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"28","author":"Alexopoulos P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1159\/000352022","article-title":"Progranulin peripheral levels as a screening tool for the identification of subjects with progranulin mutations in a Portuguese cohort","volume":"13","author":"Almeida M. R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827f0fd1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2015.1449"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.09.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00461-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150962"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000311445.21321.fc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001967"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-006-0618-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000322370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000089137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000353280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2014.971812"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.8.1267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","first-page":"187","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker candidates for parkinsonian disorders","volume":"3","author":"Constantinescu R.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2009.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2014.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-015-1486-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-110515"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000325058.10218.fc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821103e6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2012.1654"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.1.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2011.086","article-title":"Tau and p\u2010tau as CSF biomarkers in dementia: a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"49","author":"Harten A. C.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870130116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8020(00)00083-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2010.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000436625.63650.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13399"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2006.107326"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371704"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3181610fea"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-13-54"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2014.884592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309562"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr5006058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2014.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/21678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25589"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neuron\u2010specific enolase: a further marker of Alzheimer's disease?","volume":"23","author":"Palumbo B.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Funct. Neurol."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-121471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23670"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318221ad47"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.12.2277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181fc9aea"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.066043"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11533100-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-011-0866-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.9.1209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142544","article-title":"Endostatin level in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease","volume":"44","author":"Salza R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.114"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-101032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/11640070-000000000-00000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv181"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2010.207183"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Neurofilaments in the diagnosis of motoneuron diseases: a prospective study on 455 patients","volume":"87","author":"Steinacker P.","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141986"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.07.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-305972"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22895"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-014-1226-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200712039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-308004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00462-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24552"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp071"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjnc.13669","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjnc.13669","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnc.13669","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T17:20:17Z","timestamp":1694452817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jnc.13669"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jnc.13669"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.13669","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3042","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-4159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,15]]}}}