{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T02:13:23Z","timestamp":1776910403147,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,16]],"date-time":"2016-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P41\u2010EB015893"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P41\u2010EB015893"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS087516"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS087516"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (Glu<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEST<\/jats:styled-content>) <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> was used to measure metabolic changes in mice treated with 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPTP<\/jats:styled-content>) by mapping regional cerebral glutamate. The Glu<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEST<\/jats:styled-content> contrast following <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPTP<\/jats:styled-content> treatment was correlated with <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content> spectroscopy, motor function, and immunohistochemical measures. The Glu<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEST<\/jats:styled-content> contrast was found to be significantly higher in the striatum and motor cortex of mice treated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MPTP<\/jats:styled-content> than in controls (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), which was confirmed by localized <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>H\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MR<\/jats:styled-content> spectroscopy. Elevated striatal Glu<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEST<\/jats:styled-content> was positively associated with local astrogliosis measured by immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Additionally, a negative correlation was found between motor function, measured by the four\u2010limb grip strength test, and Glu<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEST<\/jats:styled-content> of the striatum (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.705, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and the motor cortex (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.617, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.01), suggesting a role of elevated glutamate in the abnormal cerebral motor function regulation. The Glu<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEST<\/jats:styled-content> contrast and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining were unaltered in the thalamus indicating glutamate elevation was localized to the striatum and the motor cortex. These findings suggest that in addition to measuring spatial changes in glutamate, Glu<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CEST<\/jats:styled-content> may serve as an <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> biomarker of metabolic and functional changes that may be applied to the assessment of a broad range of neuropathologies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc13771-fig-0006-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Read the Editorial Highlight<\/jats:bold> for this article on page <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.13759\">346<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13771","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,16]],"date-time":"2016-08-16T15:06:44Z","timestamp":1471360004000},"page":"432-439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Mapping the alterations in glutamate with Glu<scp>CEST MRI<\/scp> in a mouse model of dopamine deficiency"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Puneet","family":"Bagga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging (CMROI) Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachelle","family":"Crescenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging (CMROI) Department of Radiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia 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