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The definite cause of and pathways underlying the progression of these<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDD<\/jats:styled-content>s are not well\u2010defined. Several mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the development of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDD<\/jats:styled-content>s. These mechanisms may proceed concurrently or successively, and they differ among cell types at different developmental stages in distinct brain regions. The endocannabinoid system, which involves cannabinoid receptors type 1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CB<\/jats:styled-content>1R) and type 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CB<\/jats:styled-content>2R), endogenous cannabinoids and the enzymes that catabolize these compounds, has been shown to contribute to the development of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDD<\/jats:styled-content>s in several animal models and human studies. In this review, we discuss the functions of the endocannabinoid system in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDD<\/jats:styled-content>s and converse the therapeutic efficacy of targeting the endocannabinoid system to rescue<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NDD<\/jats:styled-content>s.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p><jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc14098-fig-0005-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14098","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T09:06:46Z","timestamp":1497344806000},"page":"624-648","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":193,"title":["Endocannabinoid system in neurodegenerative disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"142","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4429-8078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Balapal S.","family":"Basavarajappa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg New York USA"},{"name":"New York State Psychiatric Institute New York City New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry College of Physicians &amp; Surgeons Columbia University New York City New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry New York University Langone Medical Center New York City New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhu","family":"Shivakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shivakumar","family":"Subbanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Analytical Psychopharmacology Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research Orangeburg New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-016-3457-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2009.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2011.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-130137"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-141014","article-title":"Cannabis\u2010based medicine reduces multiple pathological\u00a0processes in AbetaPP\/PS1 mice","volume":"43","author":"Aso E.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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