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Rho\u2010associated protein kinases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROCK<\/jats:styled-content>s) are ubiquitously expressed signaling messengers that mediate a wide array of cellular processes. Interestingly, they play an important role in several vascular and brain pathologies implicated in Alzheimer's etiology, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, blood\u2013brain barrier disruption, oxidative stress, deposition of vascular and parenchymal amyloid\u2010beta peptides, tau hyperphosphorylation, and cognitive decline. The current review summarizes the functions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROCK<\/jats:styled-content>s with respect to the various risk factors and pathologies on both sides of the blood\u2013brain barrier and present support for targeting <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ROCK<\/jats:styled-content> signaling as a multifactorial and multi\u2010effect approach for the prevention and amelioration of late\u2010onset Alzheimer's disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc14130-fig-0003-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text>\n<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/journal\/10.1111\/(ISSN)1471-4159\/homepage\/special_issues.htm#Vascular Dementia\">This article is part of the Special Issue \u201cVascular Dementia\u201d<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T15:37:54Z","timestamp":1500478674000},"page":"659-668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Rho\u2010associated protein kinases as therapeutic targets for both vascular and parenchymal pathologies in Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Aaron Y.","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Platform Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7428-9105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"JoAnne","family":"McLaurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Platform Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-017-1343-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cm.20472"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160826"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199905000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/7205747"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0206-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12334"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70072-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-24-08453.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023789"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4155\/fmc.15.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156720512803251075"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023167"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Vital signs: prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension\u2013United States, 1999\u20102002 and 2005\u20102008","volume":"60","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. 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