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However, it was also suggested as an excitotoxic agent implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders such as Parkinson\u2032s and Alzheimer\u2032s disease.\n l<\/jats:sc>\n \u2010Cysteine can modulate the activity of ionic channels, including voltage\u2010gated calcium channels and glutamatergic\n NMDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n receptors, whereas its effects on\n GABA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ergic neurotransmission had not been studied before. In the present work, we analyzed the effects of\n l<\/jats:sc>\n \u2010cysteine on responses mediated by homomeric\n \n GABA\n A<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03c11 receptors, which are known for mediating tonic \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (\n GABA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) responses in retinal neurons.\n \n GABA\n A<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03c11 receptors were expressed in\n Xenopus laevis<\/jats:italic>\n oocytes and\n GABA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010evoked chloride currents recorded by two\u2010electrode voltage\u2010clamp in the presence or absence of\n l<\/jats:sc>\n \u2010cysteine.\n l<\/jats:sc>\n \u2010Cysteine antagonized\n \n GABA\n A<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03c11 receptor\u2010mediated responses; inhibition was dose\u2010dependent, reversible, voltage independent, and susceptible to\n GABA<\/jats:styled-content>\n concentration. Concentration\u2010response curves for\n GABA<\/jats:styled-content>\n were shifted to the right in the presence of\n l<\/jats:sc>\n \u2010cysteine without a substantial change in the maximal response.\n l<\/jats:sc>\n \u2010Cysteine inhibition was insensitive to chemical protection of the sulfhydryl groups of the \u03c11 subunits by the irreversible alkylating agent\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010ethyl maleimide. Our results suggest that redox modulation is not involved during\n l<\/jats:sc>\n \u2010cysteine actions and that\n l<\/jats:sc>\n \u2010cysteine might be acting as a competitive antagonist of the\n \n GABA\n A<\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u03c11 receptors.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n \n \n \n \n image<\/jats:alt-text>\n <\/jats:graphic>\n <\/jats:boxed-text>\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,10]],"date-time":"2017-10-10T11:32:40Z","timestamp":1507635160000},"page":"50-57","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Negative modulation of the\n \n GABA\n A<\/sub>\n <\/scp>\n \u03c11 receptor function by\n l<\/scp>\n \u2010cysteine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Andrea N.","family":"Beltr\u00e1n Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingenier\u00eda Gen\u00e9tica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular \u201cDr. H\u00e9ctor N. Torres\u201d (INGEBI) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florencia","family":"Vicentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingenier\u00eda Gen\u00e9tica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular \u201cDr. H\u00e9ctor N. Torres\u201d (INGEBI) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7051-4582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Calvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neurobiolog\u00eda Celular y Molecular Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingenier\u00eda Gen\u00e9tica y Biolog\u00eda Molecular \u201cDr. H\u00e9ctor N. Torres\u201d (INGEBI) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET) Ciudad Aut\u00f3noma de Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.04-0570"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R111.287995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12581"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05319.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5157-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5574-09.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.21.7622-7632.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.7.2673"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.4.2171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1625"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490160305"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.02087.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-003-0045-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705657"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90814-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1386-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007616817499"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00285.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(82)90009-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07260.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13554.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M802856200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2012.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-03-01079.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(03)00032-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4163","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-10-04163.2002","article-title":"Elimination of the rho1 subunit abolishes GABA(C) receptor expression and alters visual processing in the mouse retina","volume":"22","author":"McCall M. 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