{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:54:51Z","timestamp":1783014891482,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>The heterotrimeric G\u2010protein Go with its splice variants, Go1\u03b1 and Go2\u03b1, seems to be involved in the regulation of motor function but isoform\u2010specific effects are still unclear. We found that Go1\u03b1\u2010\/\u2010 knockouts performed worse on the rota\u2010rod than Go2\u03b1\u2010\/\u2010 and wild\u2010type (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WT<\/jats:styled-content>) mice. In Go1+2\u03b1\u2010\/\u2010 mice motor function was partially recovered. Furthermore, Go1+2\u03b1\u2010\/\u2010 mice showed an increased spontaneous motor activity. Compared to wild types or Go2\u03b1\u2010\/\u2010 mice, Go1+2\u03b1\u2010\/\u2010 mice developed increased behavioural sensitization following repetitive cocaine treatment, but failed to develop conditioned place preference. Analysis of dopamine concentration and expression of D1 and D2 receptors unravelled splice\u2010variant\u2010specific imbalances in the striatal dopaminergic system: In Go1\u03b1\u2010\/\u2010 mice dopamine concentration and vesicular monoamine uptake were increased compared to wild types. The expression of the D2 receptor was higher in Go1\u03b1\u2010\/\u2010 compared to wild type littermates, but unchanged in Go2\u03b1\u2010\/\u2010 mice. Deletion of both Go1\u03b1 and Go2\u03b1 re\u2010established both dopamine and D2 receptor levels comparable to those in the wild\u2010type. Cocaine treatment had no effect on the ratio of D1 receptor to D2 receptor in Go1+2\u03b1\u2010\/\u2010 mutants, but decreased this ratio in Go2\u03b1\u2010\/\u2010 mice. Finally, we observed that the deletion of Go1\u03b1 led to a threefold higher striatal expression of Go2\u03b1. Taken together our data suggest that a balance in the expression of Go1\u03b1 and Go2\u03b1 sustains normal motor function. Deletion of either splice variant results in divergent behavioural and molecular alterations in the striatal dopaminergic system. Deletion of both splice variants partially restores the behavioural and molecular changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Open Practices<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc14460-gra-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"image\"\/><\/jats:p><jats:p>Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge.<\/jats:p><jats:p>For more information see: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/cos.io\/our-services\/open-science-badges\/\">https:\/\/cos.io\/our-services\/open-science-badges\/<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc14460-fig-0007-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,10]],"date-time":"2018-05-10T23:05:35Z","timestamp":1525993535000},"page":"374-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Balance of Go1\u03b1 and Go2\u03b1 expression regulates motor function via the striatal dopaminergic system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Jens","family":"Baron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ainhoa","family":"Bilbao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Behavioural Genetics Research Group Institute of Psychopharmacology Central Institute of Mental Health University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heide","family":"H\u00f6rtnagl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Birnbaumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences Catholic University of Argentina Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA\u2010CONICET) Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Leixner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Behavioural Genetics Research Group Institute of Psychopharmacology Central Institute of Mental Health University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer","family":"Spanagel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty Institute of Psychopharmacology Central Institute of Mental Health University of Heidelberg Mannheim Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3301-2628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gudrun","family":"Ahnert\u2010Hilger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Brunk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.142039099"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2016.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10254-003-0020-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-06-01922.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2862"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"212","article-title":"CREB activity in dopamine D1 receptor expressing neurons regulates cocaine\u2010induced behavioural effects","volume":"8","author":"Bilbao A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-111245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.06921.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3743"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(99)00150-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-12-04878.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-07-02939.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.96.5.1374"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000186688"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.3269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051632598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-09-03470.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2011.00041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717194115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-299X(97)00034-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01447-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.109.001933"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/embo-reports\/kvf159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2007.00070.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1018903108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610790104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0549-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02606-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-16-j0001.2000"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjnc.14460","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnc.14460","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T15:34:32Z","timestamp":1694792072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jnc.14460"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jnc.14460"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.14460","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3042","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-4159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-02-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-19","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}