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To compare chronic damage and deficits following increasing numbers of repeated mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>s, a closed\u2010head weight\u2010drop model of repeated mTBI<\/jats:styled-content> was used to deliver 1, 2 or 3 mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>s to adult female rats at 24\u00a0h intervals. Outcomes were assessed at 3\u00a0months following the first mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>. No gross motor, sensory or reflex deficits were identified (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0>\u00a00.05), consistent with current literature. Cognitive function assessed using a Morris water maze revealed chronic memory deficits following 1 and 2, but not 3 mTBI<\/jats:styled-content> compared to shams (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05). Oxidative damage to DNA<\/jats:styled-content> was assessed immunohistochemically in the dentate hilus of the hippocampus and splenium of the corpus callosum; no changes were observed. IBA<\/jats:styled-content>1\u2010positive microglia were increased in size in the cortex following 1 mTBI<\/jats:styled-content> and in the corpus callosum following 2 mTBI<\/jats:styled-content> compared to shams (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05); no changes were observed in the dentate hilus. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)\u2010positive astrocyte immunoreactivity was assessed in all three brain regions and no chronic changes were observed. Integrity of myelin ultrastructure in the corpus callosum was assessed using transmission electron microscopy. G ratio was decreased following 2 mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>s compared to shams (p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) at post hoc<\/jats:italic> level only. The changing patterns of damage and deficits following increasing numbers of mTBI<\/jats:styled-content> may reflect dynamic responses to small numbers of mTBI<\/jats:styled-content>s or a conditioning effect such that increasing numbers of mTBIs do not necessarily result in worsening pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Open science badges<\/jats:title><\/jats:p>This article has received a badge for *Open Materials<\/jats:bold>* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https:\/\/cos.io\/our-services\/open-science-badges\/<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>\nimage<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text>\n<\/jats:p>Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111\/jnc.14508<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,31]],"date-time":"2019-01-31T13:55:29Z","timestamp":1548942929000},"page":"660-678","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Differential responses to increasing numbers of mild traumatic brain injury in a rodent closed\u2010head injury model"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"149","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8432-4621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke","family":"Fehily","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences School of Biological 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