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Vitamin C is a dietary nutrient that was recently discovered to promote active DNA demethylation. Schwann cell myelination is characterized by global DNA demethylation in vivo and may therefore be regulated by vitamin C. We found that vitamin C induces a massive transcriptomic shift (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a03,848 genes) in primary cultured Schwann cells while simultaneously producing a global increase in genomic 5\u2010hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a DNA demethylation intermediate which regulates transcription. Vitamin C up\u2010regulates 10 pro\u2010myelinating genes which exhibit elevated 5hmC content in both the promoter and gene body regions of these loci following treatment. Using a mouse model of human vitamin C metabolism, we found that maternal dietary vitamin C deficiency causes peripheral nerve hypomyelination throughout early development in resulting offspring. Additionally, dietary vitamin C intake regulates the expression of myelin\u2010related proteins such as periaxin (PRX) and myelin basic protein (MBP) during development and remyelination after injury in mice. Taken together, these results suggest that vitamin C cooperatively promotes myelination through 1) increased DNA demethylation and transcription of pro\u2010myelinating genes, and 2) its known role in stabilizing collagen helices to form the basal lamina that is necessary for myelination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc15015-fig-0009-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T03:50:50Z","timestamp":1585281050000},"page":"1759-1773","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Vitamin C regulates Schwann cell myelination by promoting DNA demethylation of pro\u2010myelinating genes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"157","author":[{"given":"Tyler C.","family":"Huff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Sant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Camarena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Van Booven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadja S.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences Center for Therapeutic Innovation University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sushmita","family":"Mustafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics Dr. John T. 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