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The KF has a major role in respiration and upper airway control. A comprehensive understanding of the KF and its contributions to respiratory function and dysfunction requires an appreciation for its neurochemical characteristics. The goal of this review is to summarize the diverse neurochemical composition of the KF, focusing on the neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neuropeptides present. We also include a description of the receptors expressed on KF neurons and transporters involved in each system, as well as their putative roles in respiratory physiology. Finally, we provide a short section reviewing the literature regarding neurochemical changes in the KF in the context of respiratory dysfunction observed in SIDS and Rett syndrome. By over\u2010viewing the current literature on the neurochemical composition of the KF, this review will serve to aid a wide range of topics in the future research into the neural control of respiration in health and disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc15041-fig-0003-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,12]],"date-time":"2020-05-12T16:36:21Z","timestamp":1589301381000},"page":"16-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Neurochemistry of the K\u00f6lliker\u2010Fuse nucleus from a respiratory perspective"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"156","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1311-638X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrienn G.","family":"Varga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Center for Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3810-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian 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