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Cholinergic drugs, including the centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine, which are in clinical use for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, have been rediscovered as anti\u2010inflammatory agents. Here, we provide a timely update on this active research and clinical developments. We summarize the involvement of cholinergic mechanisms and inflammation in the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia, and the effectiveness of galantamine treatment. We also highlight recent findings demonstrating the effects of galantamine in preclinical and clinical settings of numerous conditions and diseases across the lifespan that are characterized by immunological, neurological, and metabolic dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc15243-fig-0003-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,21]],"date-time":"2020-11-21T08:42:50Z","timestamp":1605948170000},"page":"1359-1380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Treating disorders across the lifespan by modulating cholinergic signaling with galantamine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"158","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1013-1691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine N.","family":"Metz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Northwell Health Manhasset NY USA"},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell Hempstead NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1994-2853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin A.","family":"Pavlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research Northwell Health Manhasset NY USA"},{"name":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell Hempstead NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.949"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13949"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-005-0073-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605370103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134648"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.2.596"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.160028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.104.077172"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.22360"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v65n1219e"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0220-20.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27120"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7046051"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(06)78007-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089454"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Birks J.(2006)Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. 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