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The enzyme GD3 synthase converts GM3 (an a\u2010series ganglioside) into GD3, a b\u2010series ganglioside highly expressed in the developing and adult retina. The present study evaluated the visual system of GD3 synthase knockout mice (GD3s<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup>), morphologically and functionally. The absence of b\u2010 series gangliosides in the retinas of knockout animals was confirmed by mass spectrometry imaging, which also indicated an accumulation of a\u2010series gangliosides, such as GM3. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density was significantly reduced in GD3s<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice, with a similar reduction in the number of axons in the optic nerve. Knockout animals also showed a 15% reduction in the number of photoreceptor nuclei, but no difference in the bipolar cells. The area occupied by GFAP\u2010positive glial cells was smaller in GD3s<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> retinas, but the number of microglial cells\/macrophages did not change. In addition to the morphological alterations, a 30% reduction in light responsiveness was detected through quantification of pS6\u2010expressing RGC, an indicator of neural activity. Furthermore, electroretinography (ERG) indicated a significant reduction in RGC and photoreceptor electrical activity in GD3s<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice, as indicated by scotopic ERG and pattern ERG (PERG) amplitudes. Finally, evaluation of the optomotor response demonstrated that GD3s<jats:sup>\u2013\/\u2013<\/jats:sup> mice have reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. These results suggest that b\u2010series gangliosides play a critical role in regulating the structure and function of the mouse visual system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc15443-fig-0011-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T22:49:19Z","timestamp":1622760559000},"page":"694-709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["GD3 synthase deletion alters retinal structure and impairs visual function in 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