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The impacts of these changes to the well\u2010being of the individual are often underappreciated. Earlier work from our laboratory using GeneChip\u00ae microarrays identified increased cholecystokinin (CCK) gene expression in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) of rats that showed persistent changes in social interactions during a Resident\u2013Intruder encounter following sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI). In this study, we confirmed these gene regulation patterns using RT\u2010PCR and identified the anatomical location of the CCK\u2010mRNA as well as the translated CCK peptides in the midbrains of rats with a CCI. We found that rats with persistent CCI\u2010induced changes in social behaviours had increased CCK\u2010mRNA in neurons of the ventrolateral PAG and dorsal raphe nuclei, as well as increased CCK\u20108 peptide expression in terminal boutons located in the lateral and ventrolateral PAG. The functional significance of these changes was explored by microinjecting small volumes of CCK\u20108 into the PAG of uninjured rats and observing their Resident\u2013Intruder social interactions. Disturbances to social interactions identical to those observed in CCI rats were evoked when injection sites were located in the rostral lateral and ventrolateral PAG. We suggest that CCI\u2010induced changes in CCK expression in these PAG regions contributes to the disruptions to social behaviours experienced by a subset of individuals with neuropathic injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>\n<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc15476-fig-0008-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T08:52:05Z","timestamp":1626771125000},"page":"1151-1171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evidence that increased cholecystokinin (CCK) in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) facilitates changes in Resident\u2013Intruder social interactions triggered by peripheral nerve injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"158","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-4380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Keay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences and the Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel A.","family":"Argueta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences and the Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel N.","family":"Zafir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences and the Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter. 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