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Early applications in psychiatry focused on identifying characteristic brain blood flow and metabolic derangements using radiotracers such as [<jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>O]H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O and [<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F]FDG. Despite the success of these techniques, it became apparent that more specific probes were needed to understand the neurochemical bases of psychiatric disorders. The first neurochemical PET imaging probes targeted sites of action of neuroleptic (dopamine D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptors) and psychoactive (serotonin receptors) drugs. Based on the centrality of monoamine dysfunction in psychiatric disorders and the measured success of monoamine\u2010enhancing drugs in treating them, the next 30\u2009years witnessed the development of an armamentarium of PET radiopharmaceuticals and imaging methodologies for studying monoamines. Continued development of monoamine\u2010enhancing drugs over this time however was less successful, realizing only modest gains in efficacy and tolerability. As patent protection for many widely prescribed and profitable psychiatric drugs lapsed, drug development pipelines shifted away from monoamines in search of novel targets with the promises of improved efficacy, or abandoned altogether. Over this period, PET radiopharmaceutical development activities closely paralleled drug development priorities resulting in the development of new PET imaging agents for non\u2010monoamine targets. Part one of this review will briefly survey novel PET imaging targets with relevance to the field of psychiatry, which include the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 5 (mGluR5), purinergic P<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub> receptor, type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>), phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), and describe radiotracers developed for these and other targets that have matured to human subject investigations. Current limitations of the targets and techniques will also be discussed.<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc15615-fig-0004-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,10]],"date-time":"2022-05-10T17:04:16Z","timestamp":1652202256000},"page":"364-400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Beyond monoamines: I. 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