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However, this treatment suffers from a number of drawbacks and additional therapies are necessary. The venoms of <jats:italic>Vipera ammodytes<\/jats:italic> and of <jats:italic>Vipera aspis<\/jats:italic> are neurotoxic and cause muscle paralysis by inducing neurodegeneration of motor axon terminals because they contain a presynaptic acting sPLA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> neurotoxin. We have recently found that any type of damage to motor axons is followed by the expression and activation of the intercellular signaling axis consisting of the CXCR4 receptor present on the membrane of the axon stump and of its ligand, the chemokine CXCL12 released by activated terminal Schwann cells. We show here that also <jats:italic>V. ammodytes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>V. aspis<\/jats:italic> venoms cause the expression of the CXCL12\u2010CXCR4 axis. We also show that a small molecule agonist of CXCR4, dubbed NUCC\u2010390, induces a rapid regeneration of the motor axon terminal with functional recovery of the neuromuscular junction. These findings qualify NUCC\u2010390 as a promising novel therapeutics capable of improving the recovery from the paralysis caused by the snakebite of the two neurotoxic Alpine vipers.<jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\"><jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc15803-fig-0007-m.png\"><jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text><\/jats:graphic><\/jats:boxed-text><\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T14:06:11Z","timestamp":1678716371000},"page":"428-440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["An agonist of <scp>CXCR4<\/scp> induces a rapid recovery from the neurotoxic effects of <i>Vipera ammodytes<\/i> and <i>Vipera aspis<\/i> venoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Stazi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Megighian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"D'Este","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Negro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Ivanu\u0161ec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute  Ljubljana Slovenia"},{"name":"Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lonati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pavia Poison Control Centre \u2010 National Toxicology Information Centre \u2010 Clinical and Experimental Lab, Toxicology Unit Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA SB IRCCS  Pavia Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Pirazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Kri\u017eaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Jo\u017eef Stefan Institute  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7361-5688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Montecucco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padova  Padova Italy"},{"name":"National Research Council Institute of Neuroscience  Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000603"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/537026a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.10.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"S1\u201042\u20106","article-title":"Snakebite envenomation and death in the developing world","volume":"19","author":"Cruz L. 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