{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:56:50Z","timestamp":1790985410045,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":275,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,29]],"date-time":"2023-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 GM137868"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 GM137868"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K00 NS120365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K00 NS120365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 NS119178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 NS119178"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RFA\u20102203\u201039228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RFA\u20102203\u201039228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Cognitive deficits are a common comorbidity with neurological disorders and normal aging. Inflammation is associated with multiple diseases including classical neurodegenerative dementias such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS), in which over half of all patients experience some form of cognitive deficits. Other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) including frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTLD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) as well as traumatic brain injury (TBI) and psychological disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD), and even normal aging all have cytokine\u2010associated reductions in cognitive function. Thus, there is likely commonality between these secondary cognitive deficits and inflammation. Neurological disorders are increasingly associated with substantial neuroinflammation, in which CNS\u2010resident cells secrete cytokines and chemokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u03b1 and interleukins (ILs) including IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20106. CNS\u2010resident cells also respond to a wide variety of cytokines and chemokines, which can have both direct effects on neurons by changing the expression of ion channels and perturbing electrical properties, as well as indirect effects through glia\u2013glia and immune\u2010glia cross\u2010talk. There is significant overlap in these cytokine and chemokine expression profiles across diseases, with TNF\u03b1 and IL\u20106 strongly associated with cognitive deficits in multiple disorders. Here, we review the involvement of various cytokines and chemokines in AD, MS, FTLD, PD, TBI, MDD, and normal aging in the absence of dementia. We propose that the neuropsychiatric phenotypes observed in these disorders may be at least partially attributable to a dysregulation of immunity resulting in pathological cytokine and chemokine expression from both CNS\u2010resident and non\u2010resident cells.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc15999-fig-0003-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T01:19:25Z","timestamp":1698628765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Immunity impacts cognitive deficits across neurological disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8862-3840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin C.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7817-2325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria R.","family":"Anders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Tinkey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences Kent State University  Kent Ohio USA"},{"name":"Brain Health Research Institute Kent State University  Kent Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria L.","family":"Habean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orion D.","family":"Brock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Frostino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"College of Science University of Notre Dame  South Bend Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9801-9580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences Kent State University  Kent Ohio USA"},{"name":"Brain Health Research Institute Kent State University  Kent Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic and Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio 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