{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T22:12:39Z","timestamp":1784153559527,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]],"date-time":"2023-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aim of this study was to systematically review prior research investigating the effects of contact\/collision sport participation on neurometabolite levels in the absence of concussion. Four online databases were searched to identify studies that measured neurometabolite levels in contact\/collision sport athletes (without concussion) using proton (\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H) or phosphorus (\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). All study designs were acceptable for inclusion. Meta\u2010analytic procedures were used to quantify the effect of contact\/collision sport participation on neurometabolite levels and explore the impact of specific moderating factors (where sufficient data were available). Narrative synthesis was used to describe outcomes that could not be meta\u2010analysed. Nine observational studies involving 300 contact\/collision sport athletes were identified. Six studies (providing 112 effect estimates) employed longitudinal (cohort) designs and three (that could not be meta\u2010analysed) employed case\u2013control designs.\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010acetylaspartate (NAA;\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.331,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.013) and total creatine (tCr; creatine + phosphocreatine;\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22120.524,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.029), but not glutamate\u2013glutamine (Glx), myo\u2010inositol (mI) or total choline (tCho; choline\u2010containing compounds;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    's\u2009&gt;\u20090.05), decreased between the pre\u2010season and mid\u2212\/post\u2010season period. Several moderators were statistically significant, including: sex (Glx: 6 female\/23 male, g\u2009=\u2009\u22120.549,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.013), sport played (Glx: 22 American football\/4 association football [soccer], g\u2009=\u20090.724,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.031), brain region (mI: 2 corpus callosum\/9 motor cortex, g\u2009=\u2009\u22120.804,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.015), and the MRS quantification approach (mI: 18 absolute\/3 tCr\u2010referenced, g\u2009=\u20090.619,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003; and\u00a0tCho: 18 absolute\/3 tCr\u2010referenced, g\u2009=\u20090.554,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005). In case\u2013control studies, contact\/collision sport athletes had higher levels of mI, but not NAA or tCr compared to non\u2010contact sport athletes and non\u2010athlete controls. Overall, this review suggests that contact\/collision sport participation has the potential to alter neurometabolites measured via\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H MRS in the absence of concussion. However, further research employing more rigorous and consistent methodologies (e.g. interventional studies with consistent\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    H MRS pulse sequences and quantifications) is required to confirm and better understand the clinical relevance of observed effects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T01:25:20Z","timestamp":1698801920000},"page":"615-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The effect of contact\/collision sport participation without concussion on neurometabolites: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"167","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9925-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Delang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Academy of Sport  Nathan Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Menzies Health Institute Queensland Griffith University  Gold Coast Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aimie L.","family":"Peek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iain S.","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, School of Psychology The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Desbrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Social Work Griffith University  Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"McCartney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Science, School of Psychology The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Brain and Mind Centre The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.12.3.p154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"AusPlay survey results July 2020\u2013June 2021","author":"AUSPLAY","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.7.JNS121822"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682\u2010018\u20109861\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682\u2010020\u201000330\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3791\/59381"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119558378"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2013.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2019.1633916"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.10.FOCUS12305"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916\u2010016\u20100573\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00390"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Neuroanatomy E\u2010book: An illustrated colour text","author":"Crossman A. 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