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Postmortem evaluation of AD brain tissue shows proteinopathy that closely associate with the progression of this dementing disorder, including the accumulation of extracellular beta amyloid (A\u03b2) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) with neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Current therapies targeting A\u03b2 have limited clinical efficacy and life\u2010threatening side effects and highlight the need for alternative treatments targeting pTau and other pathophysiologic mechanisms driving AD pathogenesis. The brain's extracellular matrices (ECM), particularly perineuronal nets (PNNs), play a crucial role in brain functioning and neurocircuit stability, and reorganization of these unique PNN matrices has been associated with the progression of AD and accumulation of pTau in humans. We hypothesize that AD\u2010associated changes in PNNs may in part be driven by the accumulation of pTau within the brain. In this work, we investigated whether the presence of pTau influenced PNN structural integrity and PNN chondroitin sulfate\u2010glycosaminoglycan (CS\u2010GAG) compositional changes in two transgenic mouse models expressing tauopathy\u2010related AD pathology, PS19 (P301S) and Tau4RTg2652 mice. We show that PS19 mice exhibit an age\u2010dependent loss of hippocampal PNN CS\u2010GAGs, but not the underlying aggrecan core protein structures, in association with pTau accumulation, gliosis, and neurodegeneration. The loss of PNN CS\u2010GAGs were linked to shifts in CS\u2010GAG sulfation patterns to favor the neuroregenerative isomer, 2S6S\u2010CS. Conversely, Tau4RTg2652 mice exhibit stable PNN structures and normal CS\u2010GAG isomer composition despite robust pTau accumulation, suggesting a critical interaction between neuronal PNN glycan integrity and neighboring glial cell activation. Overall, our findings provide insights into the complex relationship between PNN CS\u2010GAGs, pTau pathology, gliosis, and neurodegeneration in mouse models of tauopathy, and offer new therapeutic insights and targets for AD treatment.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc16067-fig-0006-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T03:43:15Z","timestamp":1707277395000},"page":"1923-1936","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Perineuronal net deglycosylation associates with tauopathy\u2010induced gliosis and neurodegeneration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Aric F.","family":"Logsdon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Foresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine Northeast Ohio Medical University  Rootstown Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon J.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vollum Institute Oregon Health &amp; 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