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Three\u2010dimensional\u2010structured illumination microscopy, a type of super\u2010resolution light microscopy with a resolution that overcomes the optical diffraction limitation (ca. 200\u2009nm) of conventional light microscopy, is well suited for studying the molecular dynamics of intracellular events. Using this technique, we discovered a novel type of filopodia distributed along the\n                    <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010axis (\u201cz\u2010filopodia\u201d) within the growth cone. Z\u2010filopodia were typically oriented in the direction of axon growth, not attached to the substratum, protruded spontaneously without microtubule invasion, and had a lifetime that was considerably shorter than that of conventional filopodia. Z\u2010filopodia formation and dynamics were regulated by actin\u2010regulatory proteins, such as vasodilator\u2010stimulated phosphoprotein, fascin, and cofilin. 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