{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T06:02:43Z","timestamp":1776751363293,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":231,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009398","name":"Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t, RWTH Aachen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second\u2010fastest growing neurodegenerative disease in the world. The major clinical symptoms rigor, tremor, and bradykinesia derive from the degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway. However, PD is a multi\u2010system disease, and neurodegeneration extends beyond the degradation of the dopaminergic pathway. Symptoms such as postural instability, freezing of gait, falls, and cognitive decline are predominantly caused by alterations of transmitter systems outside the classical dopaminergic axis. While levodopa and deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus effectively address PD primary motor symptoms, they often fall short in mitigating axial symptoms and cognitive impairment. Along these lines, the cholinergic system is increasingly recognized to play a crucial role in governing locomotion, postural stability, and cognitive function. Thus, there is a growing interest in bolstering the cholinergic tone by DBS of cholinergic targets such as the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) and nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM), aiming to alleviate these debilitating symptoms resistant to traditional treatment strategies targeting the dopaminergic network. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the role of cholinergic dysfunction in PD. We discuss the impact of PPN and NBM DBS on the management of symptoms not readily accessible to established DBS targets and pharmacotherapy in PD and seek to provide guidance on patient selection, surgical approach, and stimulation paradigms.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc16264-fig-0002-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.16264","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T12:08:38Z","timestamp":1731931718000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Modulating the cholinergic system\u2014Novel targets for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"169","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1141-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.","family":"Witzig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology RWTH Aachen University  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Pjontek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery RWTH Aachen University  Aachen Germany"},{"name":"Department of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery University Hospital Cologne  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. K. H.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Antwerp University Hospital  Edegem Belgium"},{"name":"Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8903-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. B.","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology RWTH Aachen University  Aachen Germany"},{"name":"JARA\u2010BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging J\u00fclich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University  Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Holtbernd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology RWTH Aachen University  Aachen Germany"},{"name":"JARA\u2010BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging J\u00fclich Research Center GmbH and RWTH Aachen University  Aachen Germany"},{"name":"J\u00fclich Research Center, Institutes of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM\u20104, INM\u201011)  J\u00fclich Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.72.6.708"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010021\u201000280\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.949"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750\u20103639.2009.00369.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17\u201021\u201008498.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014\u20102999(99)00570\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"39","volume-title":"Handbook of clinical neurology","author":"Agnesi F.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"345","volume-title":"Progress in brain research","author":"Albin R. L.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.998932"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S135561771600076X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12626"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22643"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304\u20103940(89)90370\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0891988704267465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11020337"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.12.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a9f558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25430"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c1ded6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2012.60"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcac320"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(21)00377\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000489944"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD\u2010212793"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0197\u20104580(02)00065\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441\u2010004\u20100956\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.688760"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702\u2010004\u20100193\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419\u2010023\u201005672\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(06)70600\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u2010510X(83)90045\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361\u20109230(86)90140\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5460.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.182"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01494"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(04)00823\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucli.2015.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Progress in brain research","author":"Consolo S.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984\u2010021\u201000921\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.6.1701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad420"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20577-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466\u2010020\u201000086\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000511978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166\u20102236(94)90005\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00229003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(18)30295\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429\u2010019\u201002017\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2018.1489860"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215514527299"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.10.68"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00099"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168\u20100102(94)00869\u2010H"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.5.2253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301\u20100082(91)90016\u2010T"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702\u2010014\u20101243\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024\u2010024\u201000756\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306\u20104522(93)90266\u2010I"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1980\u201065742013000300010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1167093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx333"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3646\u201014.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2519\u201009.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu193"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000449011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702\u2010010\u20100547\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531\u20108257(200001)15:1<136::AID\u2010MDS1021>3.0.CO;2\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2015.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2008.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51920"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(15)00389\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.16.5976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2018.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000453278"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902690207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.4.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702\u2010017\u20101821\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000189756.49541.3c"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756\u2010200412030\u201000012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102019\u2010320379"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42642"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2012.659297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/02688697.2010.544790"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5357.1714"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN\u2010140489"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201026347\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD\u2010190919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531\u20108257(200007)15:4<613::AID\u2010MDS1005>3.0.CO;2\u2010F"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304\u20103940(89)90371\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304\u20103940(89)90684\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.4.JNS181761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014\u20102999(83)90561\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.5329"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2014.00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncir.2023.1095441"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1392-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.07.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2018.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582\u2010018\u20100128\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000360570.40339.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000187629.38010.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26710"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902140206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306\u20104522(84)90163\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682\u2010018\u20109922\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2019.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.10473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf259"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702\u2010017\u20101775\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201091391\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.1225"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000493094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102013\u2010307511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001419"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/82.9.888"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2015.07.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.9.1767"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476\u20105381.1987.tb08987.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23688"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.22055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.753"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2016.1254189"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2014.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2023.12.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024\u2010015\u20100044\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858416682471"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20\u201007\u2010j0003.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000187637.20771.a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4341\u201006.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702\u2010019\u201002113\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4742\u201009.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006\u20108993(92)91041\u2010C"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301\u20100082(95)00023\u2010O"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2019.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2008.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2017.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3717"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2014.04.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28870"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2023.10.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006\u20108993(87)90831\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471\u20101931(00)00025\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.12.2249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00140"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181ab2b58"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2009.179069"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4172\/2157\u20107595.1000137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2018.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00242.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2016.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(76)93095\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f61329"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531\u2010024\u201000772\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl346"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306\u20104522(97)00558\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306\u20104522(92)90027\u2010Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Strelow J. N. Baldermann J. C. Dembek T. A. Jergas H. Petry\u2010Schmelzer J. N. Schott F. Dafsari H. Moll C. K. E. Hamel W. Gulberti A. Visser\u2010Vandewalle V. Fink G. R. P\u00f6tter\u2010Nerger M. &Barbe M. T.(2021).Structural connectivity of subthalamic nucleus stimulation for improving freezing of gait.medRxiv 2021.07.01.21259612.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.07.01.21259612","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.07.01.21259612"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a009290"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.178"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306\u20104522(96)00540\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3642"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2018.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31822b6f71"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27098"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr315"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000101130"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1006567"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1091162"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31825dcdc1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221\u2010008\u20101349\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010015\u20107744\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410130304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1662"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353\u20108020(11)70052\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2023.137134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.77.2.1003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460\u20109568.2005.04298.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2020.106108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701\u2010022\u201005117\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21837"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010021\u201010685\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410260106"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnc.16264","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T18:21:31Z","timestamp":1761070891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jnc.16264"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"references-count":231,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jnc.16264"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.16264","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.16264\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.16264\/v3\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.16264\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.16264\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.16264\/v3\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.16264\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.16264\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3042","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-4159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e16264"}}