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Despite distinct clinical profiles, more than half of FTD patients experience ALS\u2010related symptoms and vice versa. Spinal cord monoamine neurotransmitter alterations were reported in ALS, but not yet in FTD. Therefore, we compared monoaminergic turnover across the FTD\u2013ALS continuum. Reversed\u2010phase, ultra\u2010high\u2010performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used to measure levels of the monoamines (nor)adrenaline ((N)A), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5\u2010hydroxytryptamine, 5\u2010HT) and their metabolites 3\u2010methoxy\u20104\u2010hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 3,4\u2010dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5\u2010hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5\u2010HIAA) in five cervical and thoracic spinal cord regions in 10 FTD, 14 ALS, 6 mixed FTD\u2013ALS, 14 early\u2010onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), and 7 control (CONTR) individuals. At the cervical level, NA levels were lower in FTD\u2010ALS versus CONTR, whereas the HVA\/5\u2010HIAA ratio was higher in ALS versus EOAD in the lateral funiculus. In the dorsal horn\u2013intermediate gray matter, DA levels were decreased in FTD\u2010ALS compared to FTD. At the thoracic level, DOPAC was lower in ALS than in FTD\u2010ALS patients in the ventral and lateral funiculus, ventral horn, and dorsal horn\u2013intermediate gray matter, as was the DOPAC\/DA ratio in the lateral funiculus and dorsal horn\u2013intermediate gray matter. Contrarily, HVA\/DA turnover was lower in FTD\u2010ALS than in FTD in the dorsal and ventral funiculus. We observed lower NA levels in FTD\u2010ALS than in FTD in the ventral funiculus, and lower MHPG\/NA turnover in the dorsal horn\u2013intermediate gray matter. A levels were lower in ALS versus FTD. This study indicates differences in monoaminergic turnover across the FTD\u2010ALS continuum, at the cervical and thoracic levels, with primarily a decrease in dopaminergic activity in ALS. Characterizing disease\u2010specific neurochemical profiles for FTD, ALS, or FTD\u2010ALS could contribute to the identification of novel interesting pharmacological targets.\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc70046-fig-0011-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.70046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T22:13:52Z","timestamp":1743286432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Monoaminergic Alterations at the Subregional Cervical and Thoracic Spinal Cord Level of Patients Within the\n                    <scp>FTD<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>ALS<\/scp>\n                    Continuum and Early\u2010Onset\n                    <scp>AD<\/scp>\n                    : Low Thoracic Dopaminergic Activity in\n                    <scp>ALS<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Annelies","family":"Heylen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"Vermeiren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Chair Group of Nutritional Biology Wageningen University &amp; Research (WUR)  Wageningen the Netherlands"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Translational Neurosciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Paul","family":"De Deyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4739-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debby","family":"Van Dam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Experimental Neurobiology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Antwerp  Antwerp Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.10.093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1755\u20107682\u20103\u201024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(15)00461\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006\u20108993(91)91680\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02260910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00308809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e318232a379"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401\u2010013\u20101238\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23937"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640\u2010009\u20109129\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306\u20104522(84)90174\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401\u2010006\u20100189\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1249"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031\u2010011\u20109589\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u2010510x(96)00109\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/168757"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072\u2010198607000\u201000001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a024117"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102990.2009.00997.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201019938\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000089622"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.16.3.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16040615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2880110110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Pathology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"36","author":"Hughes J. 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