{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:47:36Z","timestamp":1789577256655,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":27,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAMENTA 2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAMENTA 2012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001677","name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C1325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C1325"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001677","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Interest in the microbiota\u2010gut\u2010brain axis is increasing, but data on the associations between the microbiota and major depressive disorder (MDD), particularly in relation to symptomatology and treatment response, remain scarce and inconsistent. This study aims at characterizing the gut microbiota of antidepressant\u2010free MDD patients with a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) in comparison to healthy controls (HCs) and to investigate whether microbiota composition is associated with depression severity. Twenty\u2010five adults with a current MDE, who had been antidepressant\u2010free for at least 1\u2009month, were evaluated for both depression severity and fecal microbiota composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. Their microbiota profiles were compared with those of twenty\u2010eight HCs. Psychiatric assessments were conducted at baseline using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale. Compared to HCs, MDE patients showed no significant differences in microbial alpha diversity. However, alterations in the relative abundance of several taxa, including Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacteriaceae, along with an increase in\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium,<\/jats:italic>\n                    were detected. Beta\u2010diversity analyses (PCoA plot) identified two distinct compositional clusters. Significant alterations were found in 7 out of 25 families and 20 out of 61 genera, with a notable decrease of the\n                    <jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae NK4A136<\/jats:italic>\n                    genus in MDE patients, which was associated with worse symptom severity. These findings reveal distinct alterations in the gut microbiota of antidepressant\u2010free MDE patients compared to HCs, particularly in key phyla and families. They suggest that the gut microbiota may represent a novel target for the management and treatment of MDD.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc70173-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.70173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T07:24:12Z","timestamp":1753687452000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Gut Microbiota Is Altered in Antidepressant\u2010Free Depressed Patients and Is Associated With Depression Severity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"169","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2479-6985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Cussotto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, UVSQ, Centre de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Des Populations (CESP), UMR 1018, CESP\u2010Inserm, Team Moods, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie  Orsay France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Colle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, Centre de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Des Populations (CESP), MOODS UMR1018, CESP\u2010Inserm, Team Moods, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine  Le Kremin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"Service Hospitalo\u2010Universitaire de Psychiatrie, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris\u2010Saclay, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cosmin S.","family":"Voican","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, Inserm U996, Inflammation, Microbiome, Immunosurveillance  Orsay France"},{"name":"Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Antoine\u2010B\u00e9cl\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP  Clamart France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine  Le Kremin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragos M.","family":"Ciocan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, Inserm U996, Inflammation, Microbiome, Immunosurveillance  Orsay France"},{"name":"Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Antoine\u2010B\u00e9cl\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP  Clamart France"},{"name":"Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Trainel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, Inserm U996, Inflammation, Microbiome, Immunosurveillance  Orsay France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Bottemanne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, Centre de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Des Populations (CESP), MOODS UMR1018, CESP\u2010Inserm, Team Moods, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine  Le Kremin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"Service Hospitalo\u2010Universitaire de Psychiatrie, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris\u2010Saclay, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yann","family":"Pelloux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, Centre de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Des Populations (CESP), MOODS UMR1018, CESP\u2010Inserm, Team Moods, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine  Le Kremin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis J.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, UVSQ, Centre de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Des Populations (CESP), UMR 1018, CESP\u2010Inserm, Team Moods, Facult\u00e9 de Pharmacie  Orsay France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Marie","family":"Cassard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, Inserm U996, Inflammation, Microbiome, Immunosurveillance  Orsay France"},{"name":"Paris Center for Microbiome Medicine (PaCeMM) FHU  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Perlemuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, Inserm U996, Inflammation, Microbiome, Immunosurveillance  Orsay France"},{"name":"Hepato\u2010Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Antoine\u2010B\u00e9cl\u00e8re Hospital, AP\u2010HP  Clamart France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine  Le Kremin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Corruble","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Saclay, Centre de Recherche en Epid\u00e9miologie et Sant\u00e9 Des Populations (CESP), MOODS UMR1018, CESP\u2010Inserm, Team Moods, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine  Le Kremin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"Service Hospitalo\u2010Universitaire de Psychiatrie, H\u00f4pital de Bic\u00eatre, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Paris\u2010Saclay, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris  Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2016.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S324922"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0000000000000243"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/d5030627"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000533"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"The Clinical Global Impressions Scale: Applying a Research Tool in Clinical Practice","volume":"4","author":"Busner J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont (Pa.: Township))"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/life13061280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S159322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.200159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000558"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010018\u20105006\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.651536"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9010008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq461"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398\u2010023\u201002670\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.75.1.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/7967552"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.23.1.56"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522\u2010025\u201000707\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S188340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. n.d.\u201cGlobal Health Data Exchange GHDx.\u201dAccessed March 4 2023.http:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/gbd\u2010results."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4056\/sigs.2826118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2023.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719003027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2025.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i25.3837"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462\u20102920.13589"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad407"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25979"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1009442"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.611"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588\u2010021\u201000991\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.01.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804812105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2020.100216"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564\u2010018\u20100337\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00130\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.641491"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.44"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnc.70173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T05:48:04Z","timestamp":1753768084000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jnc.70173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jnc.70173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.70173","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70173\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70173\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70173\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70173\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70173\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70173\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70173\/v1\/review3","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3042","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-4159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70173"}}