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Thus, understanding the neurobiological changes associated with AUD is crucial for the development of effective therapeutic approaches. Analysis of human post\u2010mortem tissue provides insight into the long\u2010term effects of alcohol use and cellular changes that contribute to addiction behavior. Here, we provide a collection of cellular changes found in human AUD post\u2010mortem brain tissue, revealing brain region\u2010specific cellular adaptations that map a complex neurobiological landscape of addiction. Examination across the cortex, striatum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and midbrain reveals that although degeneration, metabolic disruption, and neuroinflammatory processes are common cellular processes that are impacted, these changes are distinctive by brain region and cell type. For example, white matter loss dominates in the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus is sensitive to glial cell loss, subtypes of hypothalamic neurons are disproportionately affected, and the striatum shows subregional changes. Although these cellular adaptations are brain region and cell type specific, this review of studies over the last 30\u2009years suggests that neuropathology in AUD undergoes neural network reorganization. Whether these changes are a response to chronic alcohol use or underlying alcohol\u2010seeking behavior is a limitation of post\u2010mortem analysis. However, mechanistic studies of rodent models and convergent evidence from human post\u2010mortem tissue have identified therapeutic candidates such as oxytocin and GLP\u20101. Insights from animal studies have also highlighted underexplored yet potentially pivotal regions in AUD, such as the anterior insular cortex and the ventral pallidum, in human studies. Other limitations include a lack of sex\u2010specific analyses, the incorporation of advanced neuroscience tools, and multiple regional analyses. Integrating AUD human post\u2010mortem tissue bridges preclinical and clinical research, providing an invaluable understanding of neural mechanisms underpinning AUD and potential avenues for targeted interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc70233-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.70233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T10:23:03Z","timestamp":1757586183000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Neuropathology of Alcohol Use Disorder: Cellular Insights From Human Post\u2010Mortem Studies"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Ameer E.","family":"Rasool","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Cornish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales 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