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Although research on gut microbiota alterations in PD has expanded rapidly, inconsistent findings and the absence of a reproducible microbial signature reveal the limitations of a microbiota\u2010centered view. The enteric nervous system (ENS), the intrinsic neural network of the gut, has been comparatively overlooked and remains underexplored, yet mounting evidence indicates that it undergoes profound alterations in PD. Pathological changes in enteric neurons and glial cells, including \u03b1\u2010synuclein accumulation, disrupted neurotransmission, impaired epithelial barrier regulation, and neuroinflammation, not only contribute to gastrointestinal dysfunction but may also drive disease propagation along the gut\u2013brain axis. In parallel, PD\u2010related dysbiosis alters microbial metabolites and immune signaling, disrupting ENS physiology. This review reframes PD gut pathology by emphasizing the ENS as a central mediator of microbiota\u2013brain communication. We highlight potential key pathways underlying this crosstalk, including short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs), Toll\u2010like receptor (TLR) signaling, and serotonergic circuits, which normally sustain ENS function but, in the context of PD, contribute to barrier impairment, neuroinflammation, and neuronal alterations. By integrating evidence from human studies and experimental models, we argue that investigating ENS\u2013microbiota interactions provides a more comprehensive perspective on PD pathophysiology and may guide the identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic approaches capable of addressing both gastrointestinal and neurological manifestations of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc70339-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.70339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T06:56:10Z","timestamp":1767596170000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Enteric Nervous System as a Mediator of Microbiota\u2010Gut\u2010Brain Interactions in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Valdetaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute Universidade Federal Fluminense  Niter\u00f3i Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Carolina","family":"Ricciardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroglial Interaction Lab, Neuroscience Program Universidade Federal Fluminense  Niter\u00f3i Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia 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