{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T12:30:53Z","timestamp":1777984253513,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/05180\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/05180\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/06609\u20106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/06609\u20106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/02615\u20104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/02615\u20104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024\/01736\u20105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024\/01736\u20105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/16415\u20107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/16415\u20107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["303050\/2021\u20107"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["303050\/2021\u20107"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Spinal root injuries trigger longitudinal spinal cord damage, leading to motoneuron degeneration, gliosis, and synaptic loss. Glutamate excitotoxicity through NMDA and AMPA receptor overstimulation is a key driver of this pathology, highlighting NMDA receptor antagonists as potential neuroprotective agents. Here, we evaluated the effects of memantine after unilateral L4\u2013L6 ventral root crush (VRC) in adult C57BL\/6JUnib mice. Animals received daily oral gavage of vehicle or memantine (30, 45, or 60\u2009mg\/kg) for 14\u2009days. At 28\u2009days post\u2010injury, histological analysis showed that memantine reduced astrogliosis and microglial activation, while enhancing motoneuron survival (most pronounced at 45\u2009mg\/kg,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and preserving synaptic coverage (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), without significant changes in VGLUT\u20101 or GAD65 expression. Consistently, RT\u2010qPCR analysis revealed early upregulation of inflammatory markers (\n                    <jats:italic>Ccr2, Itgam<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in vehicle\u2010treated mice, which was attenuated by memantine at 3\u20137\u2009days post\u2010injury (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). These findings indicate that memantine confers neuroprotection in VRC by modulating inflammatory gene expression, mitigating gliosis, and promoting motoneuron survival, supporting its therapeutic potential in spinal cord injuries.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc70429-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.70429","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T13:24:44Z","timestamp":1775654684000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeting Glutamate Excitotoxicity With Memantine Modulates Glial Response and Protects Motoneurons After Spinal Root Lesion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"Arthur Ventura Martins","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration Institute of Biology\u2014University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriel Gaspar","family":"B\u00edscaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration Institute of Biology\u2014University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4224-4575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre Leite Rodrigues","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration Institute of Biology\u2014University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luciana Politti","family":"Cartarozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration Institute of Biology\u2014University of Campinas  Campinas Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"37","article-title":"Quantitative Histology of Wallerian Degeneration: I. Nuclear Population in Rabbit Sciatic Nerve","volume":"80","author":"Abercrombie M.","year":"1946","journal-title":"Journal of Anatomy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.7b00270"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19991001)58:1<33::AID-JNR5>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749\u20106632.2010.05459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00068"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01095.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429\u2010012\u20100501\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/p398"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2025.578655"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2021.103694"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8050483"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1744806919838947"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742\u20102094\u20109\u201071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.53"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1673\u20105374.2012.29.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.13.7024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2911"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2015.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","volume-title":"Memantine","author":"Kuns B.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424\u2010010\u20100809\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392\u2010022\u201000885\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20000911)425:1<10::AID-CNE2>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht202"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.25255"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2840\u201011.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1110647"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2014.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408154101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2019.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2945\u201017.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201065363\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4768\u201013.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2040206620950143"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a020420"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010018\u20100039\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0113954"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.188"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1279"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858406294270"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2488\u201010.2010"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.70453","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000}}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnc.70429","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jnc.70429","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnc.70429","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T06:12:34Z","timestamp":1777356754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jnc.70429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jnc.70429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.70429","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70429\/v2\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70429\/v2\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70429\/v2\/response1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70429\/v1\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70429\/v1\/review2","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70429\/v1\/review1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1111\/JNC.70429\/v2\/decision1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3042","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-4159","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70429"}}