{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:45:30Z","timestamp":1787755530804,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neurochemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Actin polymerization into curved and ring\u2010shaped structures is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that cells use to generate force, transmit tension, and maintain membrane architecture. In neurons, super\u2010resolution imaging has revealed a striking periodic submembranous scaffold in axons, composed of circumferential actin rings interconnected by spectrin tetramers, known as the membrane periodic skeleton (MPS). This structure is widely conserved across species and neuronal subtypes and contributes to axonal integrity by reinforcing mechanical stability, organizing membrane proteins, regulating endocytosis, modulating axon caliber, and providing a transient platform for signaling. Although significant progress has been made in defining MPS functions, the molecular mechanisms governing the nucleation, assembly, and maintenance of axonal actin rings remain poorly understood. Here, we explore actin ring formation through comparison with three mechanistically informative systems: cytokinetic contractile rings, epithelial wound\u2010edge purse strings, and adherens junction\u2010associated actin belts. Across these contexts, ring assembly can be parsed into a series of conserved stages, including spatial confinement, membrane anchoring, actin nucleation and elongation, multivalent scaffolding, filament cross\u2010linking and stabilization, regulated turnover, and force production. This comparative perspective uncovers shared design principles that may also apply to axons and offers a conceptual framework for dissecting the molecular basis of MPS nucleation, assembly, and long\u2010term stability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                      <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/jnc70534-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                        <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                      <\/jats:graphic>\n                    <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                  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of Porto  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar\u2010 ICBAS and Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade do Porto\u2010FCUP University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica M.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nerve Regeneration Group, i3S\u2010 Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Em Sa\u00fade and IBMC\u2010 Instituto de Biologia Molecular University of Porto  Porto 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