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Male rats suckled in large litters, where they have reduced access to milk and attention from the dam, are less anxious and have attenuated hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010adrenal (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) axis responses to stress compared to rats from control litters. In the present study, we investigated whether this early\u2010life environment can also ameliorate anxiety and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    axis function in rats prone to be stress\u2010sensitive. We conducted these experiments in male rats from control litters (n\u00a0=\u00a012) or large litters (n\u00a0=\u00a020). Half were given 24\u00a0h of maternal separation on postnatal day 10 to induce\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    axis hyperactivity; the remainder staying undisturbed with their dam. When the rats reached adulthood, we examined behavioural indices of anxiety (elevated plus maze) and depression (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    orsolt's forced swim test) under basal conditions and after 15\u00a0min of restraint stress. We also examined neuronal activation in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) as an index of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    axis function. Being suckled in a large litter led to a significantly attenuated\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    response to stress in adulthood. Maternal separation strongly exacerbated the stress\u2010induced increase in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    neuronal activation in control rats but did not affect the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PVN<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    response in large\u2010litter rats. Immobility in the forced swim after restraint was also exacerbated in neonatally maternally separated control rats but not in those from large litters. Our findings show that being suckled in large litters mitigates the effects of early\u2010life stress on\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    axis function and indices of depression in the rat.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,14]],"date-time":"2013-06-14T02:46:50Z","timestamp":1371178010000},"page":"792-802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Being Suckled in a Large Litter Mitigates the Effects of Early\u2010Life Stress on Hypothalamic\u2010Pituitary\u2010Adrenal Axis Function in the Male Rat"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences and Health Innovations Research Institute (HIRi) RMIT University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. M.","family":"Buller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perinatal Research Centre The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research The University of Queensland Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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