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Despite of the importance of oxytocin for the neural control of social behaviour, little is known about the molecular mechanism(s) by which oxytocin secretion in the brain is regulated. Pro\u2010oxytocin is synthesised in the cell bodies of hypothalamic neurones in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and processed to a 9\u2010amino\u2010acid mature form during post\u2010Golgi transport to the secretion sites at the axon terminals and somatodendritic regions. Oxytocin secreted from the somatodendritic regions diffuses throughout the hypothalamus and its neighbouring brain regions. Some oxytocin\u2010positive axons innervate and secrete oxytocin to the brain regions distal to the hypothalamus. Brain oxytocin binds to its receptors in the brain regions involved in social behaviour. Oxytocin is also secreted from the axon terminal at the posterior pituitary gland into the blood circulation. We have discovered a new molecular complex consisting of annexin A1 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANXA<\/jats:styled-content>1), A\u2010kinase anchor protein 150 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AKAP<\/jats:styled-content>150) and microtubule motor that controls the distribution of oxytocin vesicles between the axon and the cell body in a protein kinase A (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKA<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010 and protein kinase C (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKC<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010sensitive manner. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANXA<\/jats:styled-content>1 showed significant co\u2010localisation with oxytocin vesicles. Activation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKA<\/jats:styled-content> enhanced the association of kinesin\u20102 with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANXA<\/jats:styled-content>1, thus increasing the axon\u2010localisation of oxytocin vesicles. Conversely, activation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKC<\/jats:styled-content> decreased the binding of kinesin\u20102 to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANXA<\/jats:styled-content>1, thus attenuating the axon\u2010localisation of oxytocin vesicles. The result of the present study suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ANXA<\/jats:styled-content>1 complex coordinates the actions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PKC<\/jats:styled-content> to control the distribution of oxytocin vesicles between the axon and the cell body.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T02:41:04Z","timestamp":1381545664000},"page":"1241-1254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Annexin A1 Complex Mediates Oxytocin Vesicle Transport"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Makani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine University of Toledo Toledo OH USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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