{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:14:06Z","timestamp":1790810046807,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]],"date-time":"2014-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) of the supraoptic nucleus (SON) project to the posterior pituitary gland where they release the hormones, vasopressin and oxytocin into the circulation to maintain plasma osmolality. Hormone release is proportionate to SON MNC action potential (spike) firing rate. When activated by ambient extracellular glutamate, extrasynaptic NMDA receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNMDAR<\/jats:styled-content>s) mediate a tonic (persistent) depolarisation to increase the probability of action potential firing. In the present study, <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> single\u2010unit electrophysiological recordings were made from urethane\u2010anaesthetised female Sprague\u2013Dawley rats to investigate the impact of tonic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNMDAR<\/jats:styled-content> activation on MNC activity. Water deprivation (for up to 48\u00a0h) caused an increase in the firing rate of SON MNCs that was associated with a general increase in post\u2010spike excitability. To determine whether <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNMDAR<\/jats:styled-content> activation contributes to the increased MNC excitability during water deprivation, memantine, which preferentially blocks <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNMDAR<\/jats:styled-content>s, was administered locally into the SON by microdialysis. Memantine significantly decreased the firing rate of MNCs recorded from 48\u2010h water\u2010deprived rats but had no effect on MNCs recorded from euhydrated rats. In the presence of the glial glutamate transporter\u20101 (GLT\u20101) blocker, dihydrokainate, memantine also reduced the MNC firing rate in euhydrated rats. Taken together, these observations suggest that GLT\u20101 clears extracellular glutamate to prevent the activation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNDMAR<\/jats:styled-content>s under basal conditions and that, during dehydration, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">eNMDAR<\/jats:styled-content> activation contributes to the increased firing rate of MNCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,24]],"date-time":"2013-11-24T17:03:17Z","timestamp":1385312597000},"page":"35-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Glial Regulation of Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptor\u2010Mediated Excitation of Supraoptic Nucleus Neurones During Dehydration"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Joe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroendocrinology Department of Physiology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuroendocrinology Department of Physiology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. 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