{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T12:36:42Z","timestamp":1723466202375},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The regulation of transcription of the growth hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GH<\/jats:styled-content>) gene by glucocorticoids was studied in MtT\/S cells, a cell line derived from an oestrogen\u2010induced mammotrophic tumour in the rat, and in the primary culture of the anterior pituitary gland of adult mice. The levels of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GH<\/jats:styled-content> heteronuclear <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GH<\/jats:styled-content> hn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>), which are mainly determined by the transcription rate, increased by 25\u2010fold during 24\u00a0h in response to dexamethasone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content>; 1\u00a0\u03bc<jats:sc>m<\/jats:sc>) in MtT\/S cells that were cultured in the medium containing charcoal\u2010stripped serum for 7\u00a0days. The stimulatory effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> on the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GH<\/jats:styled-content> hn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels was detectable as early as 30\u00a0min. This rapid effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> did not require on\u2010going protein synthesis, whereas it was considered that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> requires the presence of unknown cellular proteins produced independently of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> stimulation. By contrast, on\u2010going protein synthesis was required for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> action when incubated for 6\u00a0h, as has been observed in the previous studies. The specific inhibitor of glucocorticoid receptor, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RU<\/jats:styled-content>486, inhibited both rapid (30\u00a0min) and delayed (6\u00a0h) the effects of glucocorticoids on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GH<\/jats:styled-content> hn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels. Membrane impermeable glucocorticoid, corticosterone\u2010bovine serum albumin conjugate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSBSA<\/jats:styled-content>), was found to have effects similar to those of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DEX<\/jats:styled-content> and free corticosterone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content>), suggesting that glucocorticoids regulate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GH<\/jats:styled-content> gene transcription at least in part through the membrane bound receptors. From pharmacological studies, it was suggested that phosphatidylinositol 3\u2010kinase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>3K) activation is involved in the rapid effects but not in the delayed effects of glucocorticoids. This also suggests that the delayed effects of glucocorticoids depend on mechanisms other than the activation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PI<\/jats:styled-content>3\u2010kinase. Finally, both rapid and delayed effects of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSBSA<\/jats:styled-content> were observed not only in MtT\/S cells, but also in the mouse pituitary cells in primary culture. Therefore, it is possible that the membrane initiated action of glucocorticoids is involved in the regulation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GH<\/jats:styled-content> transcription in normal pituitary cells, as well as in pituitary tumour cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,15]],"date-time":"2014-01-15T14:08:36Z","timestamp":1389794916000},"page":"195-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Rapid induction of the Growth Hormone Gene Transcription by Glucocorticoids <i>In Vitro<\/i>: Possible Involvement of Membrane Glucocorticoid Receptors and Phosphatidylinositol 3\u2010Kinase Activation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Nogami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratry of Neuroendocrinology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ohu University Koriyama Fukushima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Hiraoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Aiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy School of Medicine Keio University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratry of Neuroendocrinology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratry of Neuroendocrinology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Shutoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratry of Neuroendocrinology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratry of Neuroendocrinology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000127075"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.152R013"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.138.6.2458"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.140.6.2763"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.4.8710"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.5.1816"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.75.1.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.6.2357"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-114-6-2107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(85)90323-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6284","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)82138-3","article-title":"Hormonal regulation of the growth hormone gene. 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