{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T23:21:58Z","timestamp":1772580118769,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1413417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>To investigate the relationship between gonadotroph function and ultrastructure, we have compared, in parallel in female mice, the effects of several different mutations that perturb the hypothalamic\u2010pituitary\u2010gonadal axis. Specifically, serum and pituitary gonadotrophin concentrations, gonadotrophin gene expression, gonadotroph structure and number were measured. Follicle\u2010stimulating hormone \u03b2 knockout (FSH\u03b2KO), follicle\u2010stimulating hormone receptor knockout (FSHRKO), luteinising hormone receptor knockout (LuRKO), hypogonadal (<jats:italic>hpg<\/jats:italic>) and ovariectomised mice were compared with control wild\u2010type or heterozygote female mice. Serum levels of LH were elevated in FSH\u03b2KO and FSHRKO compared to heterozygote females, reflecting the likely decreased oestrogen production in KO females, as demonstrated by the threadlike uteri and acyclicity. As expected, there was no detectable FSH in the serum or pituitary and an absence of expression of the FSH\u03b2 subunit gene in FSH\u03b2KO mice. However, there was a significant increase in expression of the FSH\u03b2 and LH\u03b2 subunit genes in FSHRKO female mice. The morphology of FSH\u03b2KO and FSHRKO gonadotrophs was not significantly different from the control, except that secretory granules in FSHRKO gonadotrophs were larger in diameter. In LuRKO and ovariectomised mice, stimulation of LH\u03b2 and FSH\u03b2 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>, as well as serum protein concentrations, were reflected in subcellular changes in gonadotroph morphology, including more dilated rough endoplasmic reticula and fewer, larger secretory granules. In the gonadotophin\u2010releasing hormone deficient <jats:italic>hpg<\/jats:italic> mouse, gonadotrophin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and protein levels were significantly lower than in control mice and gonadotrophs were correspondingly smaller with less abundant endoplasmic reticula and reduced numbers of secretory granules. In summary, major differences in pituitary content and serum concentrations of the gonadotrophins LH and FSH were found between control and mutant female mice. These changes were associated with changes in expression of the gonadotrophin subunit genes and were reflected in the cellular structure and secretory granule appearance within the gonadotroph cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,24]],"date-time":"2014-07-24T10:34:28Z","timestamp":1406198068000},"page":"785-795","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pituitary Gonadotrophic Hormone Synthesis, Secretion, Subunit Gene Expression and Cell Structure in Normal and Follicle\u2010Stimulating Hormone \u03b2 Knockout, Follicle\u2010Stimulating Hormone Receptor Knockout, Luteinising Hormone Receptor Knockout, Hypogonadal and Ovariectomised Female Mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"M. 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