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This was conducted in two sets of experiments, with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMN<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POA<\/jats:styled-content> investigated in the first set, and the Me<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BNST<\/jats:styled-content> in the second set. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMN<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POA<\/jats:styled-content> received intense projections from the Me<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BNST<\/jats:styled-content>. We used a short hairpin RNA encoded within an adeno\u2010associated viral vector directed against the gene for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 to reduce the number of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMN<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POA<\/jats:styled-content> (first set of experiments) or in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BNST<\/jats:styled-content> or Me<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> (second set of experiments) in female rats. The rats were housed in groups of four ovariectomised females and three males in a seminatural environment for 8\u00a0days. Compared with traditional test set\u2010ups, the seminatural environment provides an arena in which the rats can express their full behavioural repertoire, which allowed us to investigate multiple aspects of social and sexual behaviour in groups of rats. Behavioural observation was performed after oestrogen and progesterone injections. A reduction of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 expression in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMN<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POA<\/jats:styled-content> diminished the display of paracopulatory behaviours and lordosis responses compared to controls, whereas the lordosis quotient remained unaffected. This suggests that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMN<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POA<\/jats:styled-content> play an important role in intrinsic sexual motivation. The reduction in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 did not affect the social behaviour of the females, although the males sniffed and pursued the females with reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 less than the controls. This suggests that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VMN<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POA<\/jats:styled-content> is involved in the regulation of sexual attractiveness of females. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 in the Me<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BNST<\/jats:styled-content>, on the other hand, plays no role in sociosexual behaviour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,28]],"date-time":"2015-08-28T12:51:24Z","timestamp":1440766284000},"page":"803-818","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Role of Oestrogen \u03b1 Receptors in Sociosexual Behaviour in Female Rats Housed in a Seminatural Environment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"E. M. 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