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Less is known about the effect of an extended sleep period before <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSD<\/jats:styled-content> on these hormonal changes. Fourteen subjects participated in two experimental counterbalanced conditions (randomised cross\u2010over design): extended sleep (21.00\u201307.00\u00a0h time in bed, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EXT<\/jats:styled-content>) and habitual sleep (22.30\u201307.00\u00a0h time in bed, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAB<\/jats:styled-content>). For each condition, subjects performed two consecutive phases: six nights of either <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EXT<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAB<\/jats:styled-content>. These nights were followed by 3\u00a0days in the sleep laboratory with blood sampling at 07.00 and 17.00\u00a0h at baseline (B\u201007.00 and B\u201017.00), after 24 and 34\u00a0h of continuous awakening (24\u00a0h\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>, 34\u00a0h\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA<\/jats:styled-content>) and after one night of recovery sleep (R\u201007.00 and R\u201017.00) to assess testosterone, cortisol, prolactin and catecholamines concentrations. At 24\u00a0h of awakening, testosterone, cortisol and prolactin concentrations were significantly lower compared to B\u201007.00 and recovered basal levels after recovery sleep at R\u201007.00 (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001 for all). However, no change was observed at 34\u00a0h of awakening compared to B\u201017.00. No effect of sleep extension was observed on testosterone, cortisol and catecholamines concentrations at 24 and 34\u00a0h of awakening. However, prolactin concentration was significantly lower in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EXT<\/jats:styled-content> at B\u201007.00 and R\u201007.00 compared to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HAB<\/jats:styled-content> (P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05, P\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001, respectively). In conclusion, 24\u00a0h of awakening inhibited gonadal and adrenal responses in healthy young subjects and this was not observed at 34\u00a0h of awakening. Six nights of sleep extension is not sufficient to limit decreased concentrations of testosterone and cortisol at 24\u00a0h of awakening but may have an impact on prolactin concentration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,9]],"date-time":"2015-12-09T15:09:07Z","timestamp":1449673747000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Effect of Sleep Extension on the Subsequent Testosterone, Cortisol and Prolactin Responses to Total Sleep Deprivation and Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"P. 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