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However, it is unclear whether there is an association between cholesterol and the pituitary. We investigated the effects of a high\u2010cholesterol diet on pituitary hormones using <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> animal studies and an epidemiological study. In the animal experiments, rats were fed a high\u2010cholesterol or control diet for 28\u00a0weeks. In rats fed the high\u2010cholesterol diet, serum levels of thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content>; also known as thyrotrophin), luteinising hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>) and follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content>) produced by the basophilic cells of the anterior pituitary were elevated in a time\u2010dependent manner. Among these hormones, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content> was the first to undergo a significant change, whereas adrenocorticotrophic hormone (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTH<\/jats:styled-content>), another hormone produced by basophilic cells, was not changed significantly. As the duration of cholesterol feeding increased, cholesterol deposition increased gradually in the pituitary. Histologically, basophilic cells, and especially thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs, showed an obvious increase in cell area, as well as a potential increase in their proportion of total pituitary cells. Expression of the \u03b2\u2010subunit of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> FSH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>, which controls hormone specificity and activity, exhibited a corresponding increase. In the epidemiological study, we found a similar elevation of serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> LH<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FSH<\/jats:styled-content> and a decrease in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACTH<\/jats:styled-content> in patients with hypercholesterolaemia. Significant positive correlations existed between serum total cholesterol and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSH<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> FSH<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content>, even after adjusting for confounding factors. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that the high\u2010cholesterol diet affected the levels of hormones derived from anterior pituitary basophilic cells. This phenomenon might contribute to the pituitary functional disturbances described in hypercholesterolaemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,27]],"date-time":"2016-01-27T12:40:44Z","timestamp":1453898444000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["High\u2010Cholesterol Diet Disrupts the Levels of Hormones Derived from Anterior Pituitary Basophilic Cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University Jinan Shandong China"},{"name":"Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine Jinan Shandong China"},{"name":"Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism Jinan Shandong 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