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However, its role in other vertebrates, such as the teleost fish, remains controversial. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate whether GnIH<\/jats:styled-content> modulates the release of gonadotrophins and growth hormone (GH<\/jats:styled-content>) in the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus<\/jats:italic>. First, we partially sequenced the precursor polypeptide for GnIH<\/jats:styled-content> and identified three putative GnIH<\/jats:styled-content> peptides. Next, we analysed the expression of this precursor polypeptide via a polymerase chain reaction<\/jats:styled-content> in the reproductive axis of both sexes. We found a high expression of the polypeptide in the hypothalamus and gonads of males. Immunocytochemistry allowed the observation of GnIH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010immunoreactive somata in the nucleus posterioris periventricularis and the nucleus olfacto\u2010retinalis, with no differences between the sexes. GnIH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010immunoreactive fibres were present in all brain regions, with a high density in the nucleus lateralis tuberis and at both sides of the third ventricle. Finally, we performed in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic> studies on intact pituitary cultures to evaluate the effect of two doses (10\u22126<\/jats:sup>\u00a0m<\/jats:sc> and 10\u22128<\/jats:sup>\u00a0m<\/jats:sc>) of synthetic C.\u00a0dimerus<\/jats:italic> (cd\u2010) LPQRF<\/jats:styled-content>a\u20101 and LPQRF<\/jats:styled-content>a\u20102 on the\u00a0release of gonadotrophins and GH<\/jats:styled-content>. We observed that cd\u2010LPQRF<\/jats:styled-content>a\u20101 decreased \u03b2\u2010luteinising hormone (LH<\/jats:styled-content>) and \u03b2\u2010follicle\u2010stimulating hormone (FSH<\/jats:styled-content>) and also increased GH<\/jats:styled-content> release to the culture medium. The release of \u03b2\u2010FSH<\/jats:styled-content> was increased only when it was stimulated with the higher cd\u2010LPQRF<\/jats:styled-content>a\u20102 dose. The results of the present study indicate that cd\u2010LPQRF<\/jats:styled-content>a\u20101, the cichlid fish GnIH<\/jats:styled-content>, inhibits \u03b2\u2010LH<\/jats:styled-content> and \u03b2\u2010FSH<\/jats:styled-content> release and stimulates GH<\/jats:styled-content> release in intact pituitary cultures of C.\u00a0dimerus<\/jats:italic>. The results also show that cd\u2010LPQRF<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 could act as an \u03b2\u2010FSH<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010releasing factor in this fish species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,26]],"date-time":"2016-02-26T12:44:14Z","timestamp":1456490654000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Gonadotrophin\u2010Inhibitory Hormone in the Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma dimerus<\/i>: Structure, Brain Distribution and Differential Effects on the\u00a0Secretion of Gonadotrophins and Growth Hormone"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"M. P.","family":"Di Yorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinolog\u00eda del Crecimiento y la Reproducci\u00f3n DBBE FCEN\u2010UBA\/IBBEA\u2010CONICET\u2010UBA Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA) Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. I.","family":"P\u00e9rez Sirkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinolog\u00eda del Crecimiento y la Reproducci\u00f3n DBBE FCEN\u2010UBA\/IBBEA\u2010CONICET\u2010UBA Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA) Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. H.","family":"Delgadin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinolog\u00eda del Crecimiento y la Reproducci\u00f3n DBBE FCEN\u2010UBA\/IBBEA\u2010CONICET\u2010UBA Ciudad Universitaria (C1428EHA) Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute of Fisheries Science Fisheries Research Agency Yokohama Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Tsutsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Center for Medical Life Science Waseda University Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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